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Questions and Answers
What is the name of the genetic disorder caused by the deficiency of enzyme HGPRT?
Which enzyme is deficient in Type I Crigler-Najjar Syndrome?
Which of the following enzymes of the heme synthesis pathway is found in the cytosol?
Which lipoprotein transports triglycerides from the intestine to peripheral tissues?
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Which of the following is not involved in the production of Creatine?
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What is the process of generating glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors called?
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Which of the following is a genetic disorder caused by a mutation of the gene that encodes for LDL receptor?
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What is the byproduct of guanine degradation in the body?
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Which enzyme is responsible for converting glycine to creatine?
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Which of the following lipoproteins is involved in the transport of cholesterol from the liver to peripheral tissues?
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Study Notes
Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis
- During lactate formation, NAD is reconverted into NADH.
- Pyruvate kinase deficiency leads to hemolytic anemia.
- Arsenate poisoning inhibits the step involving 3-phosphoglycerate mutase, Enolase, Pyruvate kinase, or Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.
- The Cori Cycle involves the transport of lactate from skeletal muscle to the liver for gluconeogenesis.
- The net gain of ATP during the conversion of glucose to pyruvate is 2 ATP.
- Glucagon is the hormone responsible for increasing gluconeogenesis in the liver during prolonged starvation.
- Lactate dehydrogenase catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to lactate.
- Acetyl CoA is not a substrate for gluconeogenesis.
Enzymes and Reactions
- The conversion of glucose to pyruvate generates 2 NADH molecules.
- The conversion of glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate to 1-3-bisphosphoglycerate generates NADH.
- Lipoprotein lipase is present in the endothelial surfaces of adipose tissues in the heart and is required for hydrolysis and release of triglycerides from chylomicrons.
- Apolipoprotein present in chylomicron serves as the activator of lipoprotein lipase.
Biochemistry and Pathology
- Glucose oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide (H202).
- Elevated cholesterol levels may occur with hypothyroidism.
- Creatinine is an interfering factor of glucose measurement.
- High levels of ascorbic acid do not interfere with chromogen for H2O2 in glucose assay.
- Clofibrate increases serum TG level.
- DiacetylMonoxime (DAM) is a chemical method of serum urea measurement.
- Hypocalcemia increases serum phosphate level.
Bilirubin and Cholesterol
- Bilirubin is the product of globin.
- Total bilirubin is direct bilirubin + indirect bilirubin.
- Indirect bilirubin is unconjugated bilirubin.
- Bilirubin is measured by the diazo method.
- The acceptable range of serum cholesterol level is 200 mg/dl.
Genetic Disorders
- Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is caused by the deficiency of enzyme HGPRT.
- UDP glucuronosyl transferase is the enzyme deficient in Type I Crigler-Najjar Syndrome.
- delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase I is an enzyme found in the cytosol of the heme synthesis pathway.
- Familial Hypercholesterolemia is a codominant genetic disorder caused by a mutation of the gene that encodes for LDL receptor.
- Chylomicron is the lipoprotein that transports triglycerides from the intestine to peripheral tissues.
- Glycine, Arginine, and S-adenosyl methionine are involved in the production of Creatine.
- Gluconeogenesis is the process of generating glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors.
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Description
This quiz tests your understanding of glycolysis, cellular respiration, and related enzyme deficiencies. It covers topics such as NADH, lactate formation, and the effects of arsenate poisoning.
