42 Questions
Which bones are part of the gluteal region?
Sacrum and coccyx
Which muscle is the most superficial in the gluteal region?
Gluteus maximus
Which layer of muscles in the gluteal region are small lateral rotators of the thigh?
Deep layer
Which muscle is paralyzed in a greater trochanter fracture?
Gluteus medius
Which motor function is lost in a greater trochanter fracture?
Abduction of the thigh
What is the cause of Trendelenburg's sign in a greater trochanter fracture?
Paralysis of the gluteus medius
Which nerve supplies the Gluteus Minimus muscle?
Superior Gluteal Nerve
Which muscle is responsible for stabilizing the pelvis during walking?
Gluteus Medius
Which muscle laterally rotates the thigh?
Obturator Internus
Which nerve supplies the Tensor Fascia Latae muscle?
Superior Gluteal Nerve
Which muscle lies outside the gluteal region and appears better in the anterior compartment of the thigh?
Tensor fascia latae
Which muscle covers all contents of the gluteal region except the upper lateral part which is superficial?
Gluteus maximus
Which muscle is completely covered by gluteus medius and can be demonstrated by cutting and reflecting gluteus medius?
Gluteus minimus
Which muscle originates inside the pelvis and enters the gluteal region through the lesser sciatic foramen?
Obturator Internus
Which muscle is NOT part of the superficial layer of muscles in the gluteal region?
Gluteus minimus
Which joint is NOT part of the gluteal region?
Knee joint
Which bone is NOT part of the gluteal region?
Femur
Which muscle is paralyzed in a posterior hip joint dislocation?
Gluteus medius
What is the deformity seen in a greater trochanter fracture?
Lurching Gait
Which muscle is responsible for abduction of the thigh?
Gluteus medius
Which muscle is responsible for preventing pelvic drop on the opposite side during walking?
Gluteus Medius
Which nerve supplies the Gluteus Medius muscle?
Superior Gluteal Nerve
Which muscle originates from the gluteal surface of the ilium between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines?
Gluteus Minimus
Which muscle is responsible for stabilizing the knee joint during extension?
Tensor Fascia Latae
Which muscle is partially covered by gluteus maximus except for its upper lateral part which is superficial?
Gluteus medius
Which muscle originates inside the pelvis and enters the gluteal region through the greater sciatic foramen?
Piriformis
Which muscle is the largest and most superficial muscle in the gluteal region?
Gluteus maximus
Which muscle lies outside the gluteal region and may appear or may not appear in the gluteal region?
Tensor fascia latae
Which muscles are paralyzed in a greater trochanter fracture?
Gluteus medius, Gluteus minimus, Tensor fascia latae
What is the cause of Trendelenburg's sign in a greater trochanter fracture?
Paralysis of gluteus medius and gluteus minimus due to injury of superior gluteal nerve
Which nerve supplies the Gluteus Medius muscle?
Superior gluteal nerve
What are the components of the gluteal region?
The components of the gluteal region are bones (sacrum, coccyx, hip, upper portion of femur), joints (sacroiliac joint, hip joint), and muscles (9 muscles in total).
Name the superficial layer muscles of the gluteal region and their functions.
The superficial layer muscles of the gluteal region are Gluteus maximus, Gluteus medius, Gluteus minimus, and Tensor fascia lata. Their functions include abduction and extension of the thigh.
Name the deep layer muscles of the gluteal region.
The deep layer muscles of the gluteal region are Piriformis, Obturator internus, Gemellus superior, Gemellus inferior, and Quadratus femoris.
What is the function of the Gluteus Maximus muscle?
The Gluteus Maximus muscle is responsible for powerful extension of the hip joint, powerful lateral rotation of the hip, abduction of the hip, extension of the knee joint, and stabilization of the pelvis during walking.
Which muscle is partially covered by the Gluteus Maximus muscle except for its upper lateral part?
The Gluteus Medius muscle is partially covered by the Gluteus Maximus muscle except for its upper lateral part.
Which muscle originates inside the pelvis and enters the gluteal region through the greater sciatic foramen?
The Piriformis muscle originates inside the pelvis and enters the gluteal region through the greater sciatic foramen.
Which muscle lies outside the gluteal region and may appear or may not appear in the gluteal region?
The Tensor Fascia Latae muscle lies outside the gluteal region and may appear or may not appear in the gluteal region.
What is the nerve supply of the Gluteus Minimus muscle?
Superior Gluteal Nerve (which is a branch from sacral plexus)
Which muscle originates from the gluteal surface of the ilium between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines?
Gluteus Minimus Muscle
What are the actions of the Gluteus Medius and Minimus muscles?
- Abduction of the thigh. 2. Medial rotation of the thigh. 3. Stabilize the pelvis during walking (prevent tilting of the pelvis when the opposite limb is raised off the ground)
What is the nerve supply of the Tensor Fascia Latae muscle?
Superior Gluteal Nerve (which is a branch from sacral plexus)
Study Notes
Gluteal Region Anatomy
- The gluteal region consists of the ilium, ischium, and sacrum bones.
Muscles of the Gluteal Region
- The most superficial muscle in the gluteal region is the Gluteus Maximus.
- The small lateral rotators of the thigh are the Gemellus Inferior, Gemellus Superior, Obturator Internus, and Piriformis muscles.
- The Gluteus Medius muscle is paralyzed in a greater trochanter fracture.
- The motor function lost in a greater trochanter fracture is abduction of the thigh.
- Trendelenburg's sign in a greater trochanter fracture is caused by the paralysis of the Gluteus Medius muscle.
Muscle Functions
- The Gluteus Minimus muscle is responsible for stabilizing the pelvis during walking.
- The Gluteus Medius muscle laterally rotates the thigh.
- The Tensor Fascia Latae muscle is responsible for stabilizing the knee joint during extension.
Muscle Nerve Supply
- The Gluteus Minimus muscle is supplied by the Superior Gluteal Nerve.
- The Tensor Fascia Latae muscle is supplied by the Superior Gluteal Nerve.
- The Gluteus Medius muscle is supplied by the Superior Gluteal Nerve.
Muscle Origins and Insertions
- The Gluteus Maximus muscle originates from the gluteal surface of the ilium, lumbar region, and sacrum, and inserts into the gluteal tuberosity of the femur.
- The Gluteus Medius muscle originates from the gluteal surface of the ilium between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines.
- The Gluteus Minimus muscle originates from the gluteal surface of the ilium between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines.
- The Piriformis muscle originates inside the pelvis and enters the gluteal region through the greater sciatic foramen.
Muscle Relationships
- The Gluteus Maximus muscle covers all contents of the gluteal region except the upper lateral part which is superficial.
- The Gluteus Medius muscle is completely covered by the Gluteus Maximus muscle and can be demonstrated by cutting and reflecting the Gluteus Maximus muscle.
- The Tensor Fascia Latae muscle is partially covered by the Gluteus Maximus muscle except for its upper lateral part which is superficial.
Test your knowledge on the gluteus medius muscle and its functions with this quiz. Identify its insertion point, nerve supply, and actions on the hip joint.
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