197 Questions
Which nerve pierces the transversus abdominis and internal oblique muscle?
Ilioinguinal nerve
What is the branch of the genitofemoral nerve that supplies the skin of the scrotum or labium majoris?
Genital branch
Which nerve descends on the iliacus to enter the thigh?
Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
What is the location of the obturator nerve in the female pelvis?
Lateral to the ovary
Which nerve does not give any branches in the pelvis?
Obturator nerve
What is the route of the obturator nerve to reach the thigh?
Through the obturator groove
What is the relationship between the obturator nerve and the internal iliac vessels in the pelvis?
The obturator nerve lies lateral to the internal iliac vessels
What is the site of origin of the iliopsoas muscle?
Upper two-thirds of the iliac fossa, iliac crest and anterior inferior iliac spine
Which muscle does the ilioinguinal nerve run on the posterior surface of?
External oblique muscle
Which nerve supplies the psoas major muscle?
Ventral rami of the lumbar spinal nerves (L1-L3)
What is the function of the iliopsoas muscle?
Flexion and lateral rotation of the thigh
Which artery supplies the psoas major muscle?
Lumbar branch of iliolumbar artery
What is the relation of the lumbar plexus to the psoas major muscle?
The lumbar plexus is between the superficial and deep parts of the psoas major muscle
Which of the following muscles is NOT part of the anterior group of dorsal hip muscles?
Gluteus maximus muscle
What is the insertion point of the psoas major muscle?
Lesser trochanter of femur
What is the difference between the superficial and deep parts of the psoas major muscle?
The superficial part originates from the vertebral body, while the deep part originates from the costal processes
What is the function of the calcaneal tendon?
To unite the tendons of gastrocnemius and soleus muscles
Which nerve supplies the gastrocnemius muscle?
Tibial nerve
What is the origin of the plantaris muscle?
Lateral supracondylar line of femur
Which artery supplies the soleus muscle?
Sural arteries
What is the action of the gastrocnemius muscle on the knee joint?
Knee flexion
What is the relationship between the tendons of the muscles in the calf?
The tendons are enclosed in a common synovial sheath
Which muscle is the most superficial in the calf?
Gastrocnemius
What is the insertion of the plantaris muscle?
Medial side of the calcaneus
What is the origin of the long head of the biceps femoris?
Ischial tuberosity
Which artery supplies the vastus intermedius?
Artery to quadriceps
What is the action of the quadriceps femoris?
Extends the leg
Which nerve supplies the short head of the biceps femoris?
Common fibular nerve
What is the insertion of the vastus intermedius?
Upper border of the patella
What is the function of the patellar retinaculum?
Stabilizes the patella
Which muscle forms the medial patellar retinaculum?
Vastus medialis
What is the insertion of the biceps femoris?
Head of fibula
What is the primary function of the gluteus medius muscle?
Abduction of the hip joint
Which nerve supplies the gluteus maximus muscle?
Inferior gluteal nerve
What is the insertion point of the gluteus minimus muscle?
Anterior border of the greater trochanter
Which artery supplies the gluteus medius muscle?
Deep branch of the superior gluteal artery
What is the relationship between the gluteus maximus muscle and the gluteus medius muscle?
The gluteus medius muscle lies deep to the gluteus maximus muscle
Which of the following structures does the gluteus maximus muscle overlie?
Obturator internus tendon
What is the action of the anterior part of the gluteus medius muscle?
Flexion of the hip joint
What is the origin of the gluteus minimus muscle?
Gluteal surface of the ilium between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines
What is the attachment place for the plantar calcaneocuboid ligament?
Calcaneal tubercle
What is the function of the groove for the tendon of flexor hallucis longus?
It passes below the sustentaculum tali
What is the location of the sustentaculum tali?
On the medial surface of the calcaneus
What is the function of the calcaneal groove?
It separates the middle and posterior talar articular surfaces
What is the location of the fibular trochlea?
On the superior surface of the calcaneus
What is the tendon that passes above the fibular trochlea?
Tendon of fibularis brevis
How many talar articular surfaces are present on the calcaneus?
3
What is the location of the middle talar articular surface?
On the superior surface of the calcaneus, above the sustentaculum tali
What is the location of the femoral vein in the adductor canal?
Posteriorly to the artery
Which muscle does the femoral artery pierce to supply the lower part of the back of the thigh?
Adductor magnus
What is the direction of the deep femoral artery in the thigh?
It passes backwards between pectineus and adductor longus
What is the branch of the femoral artery that subdivides into the saphenous branch and articular branch?
Descending genicular artery
What is the location of the femoral artery in the femoral triangle?
Medially to the vein
Which muscle forms the boundary of the adductor canal anterolaterally?
Vastus medialis
What is the course of the femoral artery in the adductor canal?
It passes through an opening in adductor magnus
What is the name of the branches of the deep femoral artery that pierce the adductor magnus?
Perforating arteries
What is the origin of the iliotibial tract?
Tensor fascia lata, gluteus maximus, and gluteus medius
What is the structure that divides into deep and superficial laminas in the medial direction?
Fascia lata
What is the boundary of the femoral triangle?
Inguinal ligament, sartorius, and medial border of the adductor longus
What is the structure that forms the floor of the femoral triangle?
Adductor longus, pectineus, and iliopsoas
What is the defect in the fascia lata?
Saphenous opening
What is the structure that sends septa to the lateral and medial lips of the linea aspera?
Fascia lata
What is the deep lamina of the fascia lata formed by?
Iliopectineal fascia
What is the superficial lamina of the fascia lata called?
Cribriform fascia
What is the branch of the nerve that supplies the small deep muscles of the foot?
Deep terminal branch
What is the superior limit of the medial malleolar canal?
Medial malleolus
What is the nerve that passes forwards accompanied by its vessels under the flexor retinaculum?
Medial plantar nerve
What is the structure that forms the lateral limit of the medial malleolar canal?
Sustentaculum tali
What is the effect of compression in the tarsal tunnel?
Weakness of the plantar muscles of the foot
What is the nerve that supplies the medial part of the sole and the medial 3 ½ toes?
Medial plantar nerve
What is the structure that forms the medial limit of the medial malleolar canal?
Flexor retinaculum
What is the branch of the nerve that divides into proper plantar digital nerves to the lateral 1½ toes?
Superficial terminal branch
Which muscle does the anterior division of the obturator nerve descend between?
Pectineus and adductor longus
Which nerve gives branches to the quadriceps femoris muscle?
Femoral nerve
What is the course of the posterior division of the obturator nerve?
It pierces obturator externus and descends between adductor brevis and adductor magnus
Which branch of the femoral nerve is the largest?
Saphenous nerve
Which artery is the femoral nerve lateral to in the thigh?
Femoral artery
Which muscle does the posterior division of the obturator nerve give a branch to?
Obturator externus
Where does the femoral nerve divide into its terminal branches?
After a short course in the thigh
Which branch of the femoral nerve provides cutaneous sensation to the distal surface of the medial side of the thigh?
Anterior cutaneous branch
Which cuneiform bone connects with the navicular, intermediate cuneiform, cuboid, and 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsal bones?
Lateral cuneiform
What is the term for fractures of the second, third, and fourth metatarsal bones?
Stress fractures
Which metatarsal bone has a tuberosity that is susceptible to fracture due to the pull of the fibularis brevis muscle tendon?
Fifth metatarsal bone
How many rows of phalanges are present in the toes, except for the phalanges of the great toe?
Three
Which of the following bones does not connect with the medial cuneiform?
Cuboid
What is the distal end of a metatarsal bone called?
Head
How many metatarsal bones are present in the foot?
5
What is the term for the small bone found in the tendons of the foot?
Sesamoid bone
What is the significance of the common synovial sheath in the tendons of the calf?
It provides a lubricated pathway for the tendons to glide smoothly
What is the primary function of the gastrocnemius muscle?
To plantarflex the foot
Which artery supplies the plantaris muscle?
Superior lateral genicular artery
What is the relationship between the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles?
The soleus is deep to the gastrocnemius
What is the nerve supply of the gastrocnemius and plantaris muscles?
Tibial nerve only
What is the distal attachment of the gastrocnemius muscle?
Tendo calcaneus
What is the action of the plantaris muscle at the knee joint?
Knee flexion
What is the significance of the bursa and pad of fat between the calcaneal tendon and the calcaneus?
It reduces friction between the tendon and bone
What is the action of the popliteus muscle?
Lateral rotation of the femur on the tibia
What is the nerve supply of the calf muscles?
Branches from the tibial nerve
What is the insertion of the soleus muscle?
Tendo calcaneus
What is the origin of the popliteus muscle?
Tibial posterior surface above the soleal line
What is the action of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles?
Plantar flexion of the foot
What is the location of the popliteal bursa?
Between the popliteus muscle and the tibia
What is the arterial supply of the calf muscles?
Posterior tibial artery and vein
What is the deep subgroup of the posterior group of muscles?
Popliteus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior, and flexor hallucis longus
What is the relation between the popliteal artery and the tibial nerve?
The popliteal artery is deep to the tibial nerve.
What is the distribution of the anterior tibial artery?
It passes forwards above the interosseous membrane.
What is the terminal branch of the popliteal artery that ends behind the medial malleolus?
Posterior tibial artery
What is the branch of the posterior tibial artery that supplies the calcaneus?
Calcaneal branch
What is the course of the fibular artery?
It descends between the fibula and flexor hallucis longus.
What is the branch of the anterior tibial artery that supplies the medial malleolus?
Anterior medial malleolar artery
What is the anastomotic branch of the dorsalis pedis artery?
Lateral plantar artery
What is the relationship between the popliteal artery and its vein?
The artery is deep to the vein.
What is the origin of the adductor hallucis muscle?
Base of the metatarsal bones II-IV
What is the action of the flexor digiti minimi muscle?
Flexes the 5th toe
What is the nerve supply of the adductor hallucis muscle?
Deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve
Where does the abductor digiti minimi muscle insert?
Lateral side of the proximal phalanx of the 5th toe
What is the arterial supply of the adductor hallucis muscle?
Medial plantar artery and lateral plantar artery
What is the origin of the flexor digiti minimi muscle?
Metacarpal bone
What is the action of the abductor digiti minimi muscle?
Abducts the 5th toe
What is the nerve supply of the abductor digiti minimi muscle?
Lateral plantar nerve
What is the region of the lower limb that contains the gluteal fold?
Buttock or gluteal region
Which region of the lower limb contains the popliteal fossa?
Popliteal region or posterior region of knee
What is the region of the foot that contains the heel?
Heel or heel region
What is the name of the arch of the foot that consists of the lateral and medial parts?
Longitudinal arch of foot
What is the region of the lower limb that contains the femoral triangle?
Anterior region of thigh or anterior surface of thigh
What is the region of the lower limb that contains the calf or sural region?
Leg region
What is the name of the region of the foot that contains the dorsal surface of the foot?
Dorsum of foot or dorsal region of foot
What is the region of the lower limb that contains the anterior talocrural region?
Ankle region
Which muscle originates from the lower two-thirds of the lateral surface of the fibula?
Fibularis brevis
What is the action of the fibularis longus muscle on the subtalar joint?
Eversion
What is the nerve supply of the fibularis brevis muscle?
Superficial peroneal nerve
What is the attachment point of the fibularis longus muscle on the medial side of the foot?
Lateral side of the base of lst metatarsal and the adjacent area of the medial cuneiform bone
What is the arterial supply of the fibularis longus muscle?
Fibular artery
What is the action of the fibularis brevis muscle on the talocrural joint?
Plantar flexion
What is the structure that binds the tendons of the fibularis brevis and longus muscles to the lateral malleolus and the side of the calcaneus?
Peroneal retinacula
What is the common injury that can occur to the 5th metatarsal bone where the fibularis brevis muscle inserts?
Avulsion fracture
What is the movement of the lateral femoral condyle preceded by?
Retraction of the cartilage
What is the nerve supply of the flexor digitorum longus?
A branch from the tibial nerve
What is the action of the flexor digitorum longus on the foot?
Flexion and supination
What is the arterial supply of the flexor digitorum longus?
Posterior tibial artery
What is the origin of the tibialis posterior?
Posterior surface of the interosseus membrane
What is the route of the tendon of the flexor digitorum longus?
Crosses over tibialis posterior and grooves the lower end of the tibia
What is the distal attachment of the flexor digitorum longus?
Terminal phalanges of the lateral four toes
What is the function of the flexor digitorum longus on the interphalangeal joints?
Flexion
In which compartment does the common fibular nerve descend with the anterior tibial artery?
Extensor compartment
Which muscle supports the arches of the foot during walking?
Tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior, and fibularis longus
What is the site of division of the common fibular nerve into medial and lateral terminal branches?
At the ankle joint
Which muscle is supplied by the lateral terminal branch of the common fibular nerve?
Extensor digitorum brevis
What is the consequence of injury to the common fibular nerve?
Dorsiflexion of the foot is impossible
How many muscles are present in the dorsum of the foot?
2
What is the relation of the common fibular nerve to the fibula?
It wraps around the fibula
Which structure is supplied by the medial terminal branch of the common fibular nerve?
The skin of the 1st interdigital cleft
What is the point of formation of the sural nerve?
Halfway down the leg
Which nerve supplies the lateral aspect of the leg?
Lateral sural cutaneous nerve
What are the muscular branches of the superficial peroneal nerve to?
Peroneus longus and brevis
What is the final destination of the medial dorsal cutaneous nerve?
The medial side of the great toe
In which muscle does the superficial peroneal nerve begin?
Peroneus longus
What is the relationship between the superficial peroneal nerve and the extensor retinacula?
The nerve runs superficial to the retinacula
What are the articular branches of the nerve to?
The knee and superior tibiofibular joints
What is the course of the fibular communicating nerve?
It descends to join the medial sural cutaneous nerve
What is the location of the femoral artery in the adductor canal?
Medially
What is the structure that forms the posterior boundary of the adductor canal?
Adductor magnus
What is the direction of the femoral artery as it leaves the adductor canal?
Laterally
What is the branch of the femoral artery that subdivides into anterior labial and scrotal branches?
Deep external pudendal artery
What is the location of the deep femoral artery in relation to the pectineus and adductor longus?
Between pectineus and adductor longus
What is the muscle pierced by the deep femoral artery to supply the lower part of the back of the thigh?
Adductor magnus
What is the relation of the saphenous nerve to the femoral artery in the adductor canal?
The saphenous nerve accompanies the femoral artery in the adductor canal
What is the posterior boundary of the adductor canal?
Adductor magnus
What is the lateral boundary of the vascular space?
Iliopsoas arch
Which structure connects the femoral ring to the saphenous opening?
Femoral canal
What is the medial boundary of the femoral canal?
Lacunar ligament
What is the anterior boundary of the muscular space?
Inguinal ligament
Which nerve is contained in the adductor canal?
Saphenous nerve
What is the posterior boundary of the vascular space?
Pecten pubis
What is the location of the attachment of the aponeurosis posteriorly?
The back of the under-surface of the calcaneus
What is the effect of dorsiflexing the toes on the plantar aponeurosis?
It is tightened
What is the purpose of the transverse fasciculi and superficial transverse metatarsal ligaments?
To provide additional support to the plantar aponeurosis
What is the origin of the lateral plantar artery?
The posterior tibial artery
Where does the lateral plantar artery terminate?
The 1st metatarsal space
What is the branch of the lateral plantar artery that supplies the lateral side of the 5th toe?
Digital branch
What is the structure that lies on the dorsal surface of the foot?
Dorsal fascia
What is the purpose of the digital expansions of the plantar aponeurosis?
To continue with the fibrous flexor tendon sheaths
What is the structure that forms the deep plantar arch?
Anastomosis of the lateral plantar artery and the dorsal pedis artery
What is the action of the lumbrical muscles on the middle and distal phalanges?
Extend
Which nerve supplies the 1st lumbrical muscle?
Medial plantar nerve
What is the origin of the flexor digitorum longus muscle?
Tendons of the flexor digitorum longus
What is the action of the flexor digitorum longus muscle on the distal phalanges?
Flexion
Which artery supplies the lumbrical muscles?
Both medial and lateral plantar arteries
What is the insertion of the lumbrical muscles?
Medial sides of the phalanges II-V
What is the action of the interossei muscles on the proximal phalanges?
Flexion
What is the action of the opponens digiti minimi muscle?
Braces up the lateral border of the plantar arch
Which arteries supply the flexor digitorum brevis muscle?
Medial and lateral plantar arteries, plantar arch, and plantar digital arteries
What is the origin of the quadratus plantae muscle?
Not mentioned in the text
What is the nerve supply of the flexor digitorum brevis muscle?
Medial plantar nerve
What is the insertion of the opponens digiti minimi muscle?
Lateral side of the 5th metatarsal bone
Which muscles are part of the intermediate eminence?
Flexor digitorum brevis and quadratus plantae
What is the arterial supply of the opponens digiti minimi muscle?
Arcuate, lateral tarsal, and lateral plantar arteries
Learn about the functions, nerve supply, and arterial supply of the gluteus maximus muscle. Understand its deep relations and surrounding structures.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
