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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the gluteus maximus muscle during walking?
What is the primary function of the gluteus maximus muscle during walking?
Which nerve supplies the tensor fasciae latae muscle?
Which nerve supplies the tensor fasciae latae muscle?
What is the effect of leaning to the opposite side while standing?
What is the effect of leaning to the opposite side while standing?
Which muscle provides power to the extension of the hip against gravity?
Which muscle provides power to the extension of the hip against gravity?
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What is the action of gluteus maximus on the knee joint?
What is the action of gluteus maximus on the knee joint?
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What is the consequence of excessive strain on the iliotibial band?
What is the consequence of excessive strain on the iliotibial band?
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Which muscle fibre insertion allows gluteus maximus to help in knee extension?
Which muscle fibre insertion allows gluteus maximus to help in knee extension?
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What is the primary source of knee extension during movement?
What is the primary source of knee extension during movement?
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What is the primary function of the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh?
What is the primary function of the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh?
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Which nerve supplies the short head of the biceps femoris?
Which nerve supplies the short head of the biceps femoris?
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What is the common tendinous attachment point of the muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh?
What is the common tendinous attachment point of the muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh?
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Which muscle is not part of the medial compartment of the thigh?
Which muscle is not part of the medial compartment of the thigh?
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What is the blood supply to the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh?
What is the blood supply to the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh?
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What is the name of the condition commonly seen in riders due to strain of the adductor muscles?
What is the name of the condition commonly seen in riders due to strain of the adductor muscles?
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Which muscle has two distinct heads in the posterior compartment of the thigh?
Which muscle has two distinct heads in the posterior compartment of the thigh?
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What is the attachment point of the vastus intermedius muscle?
What is the attachment point of the vastus intermedius muscle?
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What is the primary function of the psoas major and iliacus muscles?
What is the primary function of the psoas major and iliacus muscles?
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Which muscle group is responsible for extending the knee?
Which muscle group is responsible for extending the knee?
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What is the common insertion point of the pes anserinus group muscles?
What is the common insertion point of the pes anserinus group muscles?
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Which muscle is part of the posterior compartment but not part of the hamstrings?
Which muscle is part of the posterior compartment but not part of the hamstrings?
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What is the purpose of mentioning the pes anserinus group in the context of the lower limb anatomy?
What is the purpose of mentioning the pes anserinus group in the context of the lower limb anatomy?
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Why are the muscles of the thigh not included in the lecture presentation?
Why are the muscles of the thigh not included in the lecture presentation?
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Which muscle is responsible for lateral rotation of the knee joint?
Which muscle is responsible for lateral rotation of the knee joint?
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What is the primary condition necessary for rotation to occur at the knee joint?
What is the primary condition necessary for rotation to occur at the knee joint?
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Which muscle group is responsible for medial rotation of the knee joint?
Which muscle group is responsible for medial rotation of the knee joint?
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Which of the following muscles is NOT a medial rotator of the knee joint?
Which of the following muscles is NOT a medial rotator of the knee joint?
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What is the name of the space located at the back of the knee?
What is the name of the space located at the back of the knee?
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Which muscle plays a significant role in lateral rotation of the knee joint, and is located at the back of the knee?
Which muscle plays a significant role in lateral rotation of the knee joint, and is located at the back of the knee?
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What is the primary function of the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh?
What is the primary function of the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh?
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Which nerve supplies the muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh?
Which nerve supplies the muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh?
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What is the function of one of the muscles in the medial compartment that crosses the knee joint?
What is the function of one of the muscles in the medial compartment that crosses the knee joint?
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Which compartment of the thigh contains flexors of the hip and extensors of the knee?
Which compartment of the thigh contains flexors of the hip and extensors of the knee?
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What is the blood supply to the muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh?
What is the blood supply to the muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh?
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How many compartments are there in the thigh?
How many compartments are there in the thigh?
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What is the function of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh?
What is the function of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh?
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Study Notes
Gluteus Maximus
- Arises from L5, S1, and S2 spinal segments
- Extends the hip, especially against gravity, during activities like standing up from a seated position or climbing stairs
- Helps in extension of the knee via its action on the iliotibial band (tract)
- Most of its muscle fibers are inserted into the iliotibial band
- Iliotibial band inserts distally on the lateral side of the tibia, just anterior to the axis of flexion/extension of the joint, causing knee extension when stretched
- Tensor fasciae latae, a muscle that arises from the anterior superior iliac spine and anterior part of the iliac crest, aids in tightening the iliotibial band
- Supplied by the inferior gluteal nerve, while tensor fasciae latae is supplied by the superior gluteal nerve
- Excessive strain on the iliotibial band can lead to pain on the lateral aspect of the knee
Compartments of the Thigh
- The thigh contains three groups of muscles divided by fascial septae: anterior, medial (or adductor), and posterior compartments
- Anterior compartment contains powerful anti-gravity extensor muscles of the knee and some flexors of the hip
- Medial compartment muscles perform the movement of adduction of the hip
- Posterior compartment muscles are both flexors of the knee and extensors of the hip
Intermuscular Septae of the Thigh
- Medial, lateral, and posterior intermuscular septae separate the compartments
Anterior Compartment of the Thigh
- Contains flexors of the hip, flexors of the knee, and a powerful extensor of the knee
- All muscles supplied by the femoral nerve and receive a blood supply from the femoral artery
Medial Compartment of the Thigh
- Contains adductor muscles of the hip
- Muscles innervated by the obturator nerve and receive a blood supply from the perforating branches of the profunda femoris
- Important in walking, pulling the pelvis over the thigh for balance and stability
- Used to pull the limbs together, allowing the knees and ankles to come into alignment for walking
Posterior Compartment of the Thigh (Hamstrings)
- Contains biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus
- Muscles have a common tendinous attachment to the ischial tuberosity
- Supplied by the tibial nerve (except short head of biceps - Common fibular n.)
- Blood supply from the profunda femoris art.
Rotation of the Knee Joint
- Medial rotation: pes anserinus group (sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus) and semimembranosus
- Lateral rotation: biceps femoris muscle and popliteus (at the back of the knee)
Femoral Triangle and Popliteal Fossa
- Will be discussed in the final section of the lecture
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Description
Learn about the role of the gluteus maximus muscle in hip extension, its spinal segments, and how it differs from hamstrings in walking and other activities.
