12 Questions
What term refers to the socio-economic and political divide primarily focused on the Southern Hemisphere?
Global South
Which countries are considered part of the Global North?
Canada, France, and Germany
What did the term 'Third World' historically refer to?
Former European colonies
What led to the replacement of the term 'Third World' by 'Global South' after the Cold War?
Movements for nationalism and independence
What does Regionalization refer to?
Social and economic integration within a region
Which term refers to countries considered non-industrialized and newly industrialized?
Third World
What was the primary purpose of NATO during the Cold War?
To protect Western European countries and the United States against the threat of the Soviet Union
Which organization was created to regulate the production and sale of oil?
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
What was the primary purpose of the Non-alignment Movement (NAM)?
To pursue world peace, international cooperation, human rights, national sovereignty, racial and national equality, non-intervention, and peaceful conflict resolution
Which of the following is considered one of the most serious challenges of regionalism?
The refusal of NATO to dismantle after the collapse of the Soviet Union
What event led to the UK leaving the European Union, also known as 'Brexit'?
Anti-immigrant sentiment and a populist campaign against Europe
Which of the following was considered a challenge for regionalism in the context of the European Union?
Greece considering leaving the European Union to gain more flexibility in their economic policy
Study Notes
Globalization and Global North/South Divide
- Globalization is an uneven process
- Global South refers to the socio-economic and political divide in the Southern Hemisphere, comprising Africa, Latin America, Asia, and the Middle East
- Global North refers to the developed countries, including Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK, Russia, and the USA
- Global South and Third World are conceptually the same, referring to developing countries with poor economic conditions
Third World and Global South
- Third World refers to countries that didn't belong to Western Capitalist or Socialist economies
- Used to refer to former colonies of European countries
- Characterized by lack of standard systems in banking, finance, and trade
- Replaced by the term Global South after the Cold War
Regionalization
- Refers to the growth of societal integration within a specific geographical region
- Happens through economic policy, cooperation, and coordination among countries
- Leads to regional organizations and blocs
Reasons for Joining Regional Organizations
- Military defense (e.g., NATO)
- Economic defense (e.g., OPEC)
- Regional blocs (e.g., non-alignment movement)
Challenges of Regionalism
- Militant nationalism
- Refusal of NATO to dismantle after the Soviet Union's collapse
- Economic crisis (e.g., Greece's potential exit from the EU)
- Anti-immigrant sentiment and populist campaigns (e.g., Brexit)
Test your knowledge on the uneven process of globalization and the concept of the North-South divide, which highlights the socio-economic and political disparities between developed and developing nations across the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
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