Podcast
Questions and Answers
Why is the 19th century often referred to as the 'long 19th century'?
Why is the 19th century often referred to as the 'long 19th century'?
What is regarded as one of the most significant movements of modern times, according to the provided context?
What is regarded as one of the most significant movements of modern times, according to the provided context?
Where do most scholars trace the beginnings of the first international world order?
Where do most scholars trace the beginnings of the first international world order?
The age of discovery is tied with what central concept?
The age of discovery is tied with what central concept?
Signup and view all the answers
What major effect did the Thirty Years War have on the world order?
What major effect did the Thirty Years War have on the world order?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the prevailing attitude of European powers toward the rest of the world during the early stages of the international order?
What was the prevailing attitude of European powers toward the rest of the world during the early stages of the international order?
Signup and view all the answers
What two principles are discussed that became established during the inter-state political order?
What two principles are discussed that became established during the inter-state political order?
Signup and view all the answers
What historical period is most associated with the Eurocentric international order?
What historical period is most associated with the Eurocentric international order?
Signup and view all the answers
According to the Declaration of Independence, which of the following rights are considered unalienable?
According to the Declaration of Independence, which of the following rights are considered unalienable?
Signup and view all the answers
What concept is central to the idea of popular sovereignty as discussed in the text?
What concept is central to the idea of popular sovereignty as discussed in the text?
Signup and view all the answers
How did the French Revolution's Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen view the legal status of citizens?
How did the French Revolution's Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen view the legal status of citizens?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the fundamental shift in political identity that occurred as subjects transformed into citizens?
What is the fundamental shift in political identity that occurred as subjects transformed into citizens?
Signup and view all the answers
What was a key technological innovation that characterized the first Industrial Revolution?
What was a key technological innovation that characterized the first Industrial Revolution?
Signup and view all the answers
The text implies that the concept of nationalism is closely related to which idea?
The text implies that the concept of nationalism is closely related to which idea?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement best reflects how the principles from the Declaration of Independence and the French Revolution were used globally?
Which statement best reflects how the principles from the Declaration of Independence and the French Revolution were used globally?
Signup and view all the answers
What was a major societal shift that accompanied the rise of the factory system during the Industrial Revolution?
What was a major societal shift that accompanied the rise of the factory system during the Industrial Revolution?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the text say about monarchical power?
What does the text say about monarchical power?
Signup and view all the answers
Which sector of the economy is noted as experiencing a 'boom' in the first Industrial Revolution?
Which sector of the economy is noted as experiencing a 'boom' in the first Industrial Revolution?
Signup and view all the answers
What was a key difference between the first and second Industrial Revolutions?
What was a key difference between the first and second Industrial Revolutions?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a key characteristic of a 'citizen'?
What is a key characteristic of a 'citizen'?
Signup and view all the answers
What new form of transportation emerged as a key development in the second Industrial Revolution?
What new form of transportation emerged as a key development in the second Industrial Revolution?
Signup and view all the answers
What invention significantly improved communication during the second industrial revolution?
What invention significantly improved communication during the second industrial revolution?
Signup and view all the answers
What is considered a key democratic principle arising from the 17th century onwards?
What is considered a key democratic principle arising from the 17th century onwards?
Signup and view all the answers
According to classical liberal thought, what should individuals strive for?
According to classical liberal thought, what should individuals strive for?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT identified as a key characteristic shared by nation-states?
Which of the following is NOT identified as a key characteristic shared by nation-states?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of these historical periods is primarily associated with the rise of industrialization as a factor in the formation of nation states?
Which of these historical periods is primarily associated with the rise of industrialization as a factor in the formation of nation states?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the concept of 'terra nullius' primarily used to justify?
What is the concept of 'terra nullius' primarily used to justify?
Signup and view all the answers
Which concept involves the justification of colonization by claiming the land was previously unknown?
Which concept involves the justification of colonization by claiming the land was previously unknown?
Signup and view all the answers
What role does the idea of 'scientific racism' play in the context of colonial expansion?
What role does the idea of 'scientific racism' play in the context of colonial expansion?
Signup and view all the answers
Besides Spain and Portugal, what other powers are mentioned to have contributed to dividing the globe through imperial expansion?
Besides Spain and Portugal, what other powers are mentioned to have contributed to dividing the globe through imperial expansion?
Signup and view all the answers
What historical event most directly spurred the initial development of international laws and principles among European powers?
What historical event most directly spurred the initial development of international laws and principles among European powers?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the main purpose of dehumanizing the colonized populations?
What was the main purpose of dehumanizing the colonized populations?
Signup and view all the answers
What two principles are mentioned as a cornerstone of contemporary politics and state relations?
What two principles are mentioned as a cornerstone of contemporary politics and state relations?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of these is MOST directly linked to the economic aspects of resource extraction and exploitation in imperial expansion?
Which of these is MOST directly linked to the economic aspects of resource extraction and exploitation in imperial expansion?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes the principle of 'sovereignty' as it is mentioned in the text?
Which of the following best describes the principle of 'sovereignty' as it is mentioned in the text?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the principle of 'non-intervention' stipulate according to the text?
What does the principle of 'non-intervention' stipulate according to the text?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is an accurate pairing of concept and action?
Which of the following is an accurate pairing of concept and action?
Signup and view all the answers
What was established by the UN that allows for the possibility of intervention by foreign governments under specific circumstances?
What was established by the UN that allows for the possibility of intervention by foreign governments under specific circumstances?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following does the text primarily describe as an outcome of the historical period of imperialism and industrialization?
Which of the following does the text primarily describe as an outcome of the historical period of imperialism and industrialization?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a defining feature of the 'modern nation state'?
What is a defining feature of the 'modern nation state'?
Signup and view all the answers
What is considered essential for a nation's growth and flourishing?
What is considered essential for a nation's growth and flourishing?
Signup and view all the answers
What is suggested as the primary role of a 'political roof' (state) in the context of national culture?
What is suggested as the primary role of a 'political roof' (state) in the context of national culture?
Signup and view all the answers
According to the information provided, what is a critical factor for the success of nationalistic movements?
According to the information provided, what is a critical factor for the success of nationalistic movements?
Signup and view all the answers
What role do national elites such as intellectuals and writers play in the formation of nationalism?
What role do national elites such as intellectuals and writers play in the formation of nationalism?
Signup and view all the answers
In the context of nationalism, what is considered a 'reservoir' of national traits?
In the context of nationalism, what is considered a 'reservoir' of national traits?
Signup and view all the answers
Why do nationalists often believe in full independent statehood?
Why do nationalists often believe in full independent statehood?
Signup and view all the answers
How does the text describe the role of schools in preserving and promoting national culture?
How does the text describe the role of schools in preserving and promoting national culture?
Signup and view all the answers
What did the ideas of the French Revolution make untenable?
What did the ideas of the French Revolution make untenable?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Introduction
- Global politics have roots in the emergence of the Westphalian inter-state order
- The "long 19th century" ended with World War I and involved the rise of nationalism
- Current international relations (IR) issues are significant
First "Global" World Order
- First international order emerged around the late 15th century, gaining momentum in the 17th and 18th centuries
- The order was deeply Eurocentric, characterized by exploration, colonization, and racism
- The term "Rise of the West" highlights western dominance
First "Global" World Order (Continued)
- An idea of a "global" world order emerged after the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648)
- Principles such as sovereignty and non-intervention arose
- There was a concept of an international society and shared rules (international law)
- Hugo Grotius's The Law of War and Peace is a cornerstone text
Imperialism
- Colonial powers rose and extracted resources, utilizing the concept of "discovery"
- The idea that colonized land is "no man's land" was used to justify colonization
- Racism, with attempts at "scientific justifications" influenced the expansion of power
- Three factors contributed to the rise of the modern nation state: Imperial expansion, Industrialisation, and social and political ideas (like nationalism)
Industrial Revolution
- A major shift from agriculture to industry in Europe (1760-1840s)
- New inventions like the steam engine and the multi-spindle spinning frame were impactful
- The textile industry boomed, leading to a factory system
- This led to wholesale societal and economic transformation
Second Industrial Revolution
- From the mid-19th Century, railways and the telegraph became important components
- New energy sources (oil and electricity) were critical
- Global trade experienced substantial growth (10% per year)
New Ideas
- Enlightenment and rationality emphasized reason over tradition
- Ideas of individual rights and freedom, including civil disobedience, emerged (John Locke, Adam Smith)
- These ideas are crucial to understanding the transition to modern political structures
Political Revolutions
- The American and French Revolutions were key events
- Concepts like natural rights, popular sovereignty, and the right to self-determination arose
- Declaration of Independence and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen were influential
- Revolutionaries aimed for individual rights and national self-determination
Consequences of Revolutions
- The concept of "great powers" emerged after Napoleon's defeat
- Empires lost legitimacy as nations sought self-determination
- Nationalism was one of the most important consequences of these revolutions.
The Springtime of Nations (1848-1849).
- A period of revolutionary upheaval in Europe
- Revolutions were often suppressed, but ideas on nationalism, self-determination, liberty, and the right to resist oppressive government were established
- The idea of the nation as a legitimate entity took hold, and nationalism became a significant feature in European politics
The End of the Old World Order (1914-1918)
- The Austro-Hungarian and German empires collapsed
- The Russian Empire was overthrown by the Bolsheviks
- The Ottoman Empire was replaced with a secular republic
- Independent nation-states emerged in Europe
The League of Nations and the UN
- The League of Nations, successor to the previous global order, aimed for international peace but was inefficient
- Its failure to prevent further conflict led to the creation of the United Nations
- The UN faced challenges from Cold War rivalries
Decolonization
- Decolonization resulted in the broad adoption of Westphalian-derived ideas about sovereignty
- Indigenous elites successfully used nationalism in order to overcome Western political ideas
- The collapse of the Soviet Union marked a change in the international order
Current Issues
- Globalization challenges national identities
- The existence of failed/fragmenting states
- Resurgence of radical nationalism/populism
- Resurgence of crises such as the Palestinian-Israeli conflict and the ongoing war in Ukraine
- Economic crises, and market crises, are also significant elements of this new international order.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Explore the foundations of global politics starting from the Westphalian inter-state order to the rise of nationalism. This quiz will challenge your understanding of the first global world order and the impact of imperialism. Test your knowledge of key concepts and historical texts that shaped international relations.