Global Hospitality and Tourism

Global Hospitality and Tourism Industry

• It is among the largest and most active sectors in the world
• It significantly contributes to employment, plus economic and cultural exchange
• Activities and services are wide ranging

Key Characteristics

• Global reach with operations carried out on an international scale
• It has a large Economic impact, contributing trillions of dollars to global GDP via the World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC)
• Seasonality and trends fluctuate based on seasons and trends
• Customer centric approach that prioritizes delivering great customer experience

Importance

• Economic development occurs via investment in infrastructure
• Cultural exchange involves understanding and appreciating different cultures
• Job creation includes support a wide range of jobs
• Ability to adopt to challenges

Key Sectors

• Lodging is accommodations provided to visitors
• Food service includes meals and beverage service
• Travel focuses on movement of people
• Tours provide organized experience and activities

Tourism System

• This is a framework encapsulating various elements and processes involved with movement of people for leisure, business, or some other purpose
• The tourist is an important element of the tourism system
• Tourists can be domestic - traveling within their own country
• Tourists may be international - traveling to other countries
• Tourists travel predominately for Leisure, relaxation and recreation
• Tourists travel predominately for business

Tourist Role

• Initiator of demands
• Contributors to local economies

Destinations

• These locations attract the tourist
• Destination types include urban areas like cities and towns with key cultural and historical factors
• Destination types include rural areas like the countryside
• Destination types include coastal and island regions such as beaches
• Destination types include culturally and historical significant heritage

Key Destination Features

• Attractions include natural, cultural, and man made
• Infrastructure includes transportation, communication, and utilities
• Hospitality services includes lodging, food, and other forms of entertainment

Generating Regions

• These are areas where tourists originate, often their home regions

Function

• Marketing and promotion
• Economic considerations
• Accessibility to transportation networks

Transit Routes

• These are paths that connect generating regions to destinations

Mode of Transit

• Air travel using an airport and airline
• Rail and road networks via trains, buses, and cars
• Waterways through use of ships and ferries

Transit Role

• Ensuring accessibility and convenience
• Offering experiences during the journey

Stakeholder Interaction

• Collaboration among stakeholders
• Government bodies develop policies, regulations, and infrastructure
• Tourism ministries, local councils, and transportation authority are examples of government bodies
• The private sector provides services through hotels, airlines, and travel agencies
• Local communities are involved in preserving culture and heritage
• Communities balance tourism development
• Tourists are consumers of tourism products
• Tourists should undertake ethical and sustainable travel practices
• The role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) is advocating for sustainable tourism

Importance of Stakeholders

• Sustainability - effective collaboration ensures long term environmental
• Innovation - Working together fosters innovative solutions
• Crisis management - coordinated efforts improve resilience against challenges

Globalization

• Globalization refers to the increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of the world economies, culture, and population

Globalization Shape

• Tourism and hospitality are shaped by enhancing connectivity
• Advances in transportation technologies
• Digital innovation, including online booking platforms
• Enhanced economic integration
• Global trade agreements and open border policies have facilitated international travel and tourism
• Tourism is a major contributor to global GDP
• Cultural exchange has increased awareness of diverse cultures
• Awareness is spread through festivals, events, and cultural attractions

Standardization and Localization

• Hotel chains and restaurants offer standardized experiences worldwide
• Localization efforts focus on preserving and promoting uniqueness

Sustainability Awareness

• Emphasizing sustainability and responsible tourism is emerging and encouraging the adoption of eco-friendly practices

International Tourism Hubs and Trends

• International tourism hubs can be found in Europe in cities like Paris and London for cultural heritage
• International tourism hubs can be found in Asia in cities like Bangkok, Tokyo, and Bali for natural beauty
• International tourism hubs can be found in North America in cities like New York, Las Vegas, and Orlando for entertainment
• International tourism hubs can be found in the Middle East in cities like Dubai and Abu Dhabi for luxury experiences

Emerging Destinations

• Countries located in Africa, South America, and Southeast Asia are gaining popularity due to their rich biodiversity and cultural diversity

Global Tourism Trends

• Sustainable tourism is increasing the demand for eco-friendly and green practices
• Cultural and experiential travel includes immersive experience, such as cooking classes
• Digital nomadism from remote work trends has led to the rise of digital nomads
• Health and wellness tourism focuses an interest in retreats, spa vacations, and medical facilities
• Post pandemic recovery: focuses on safety, hygiene and flexible travel policies

Economic Impacts of Tourism

• Tourism's provides contributions to global and local economies

Global Economic Contribution

• Tourism contributes around 10% of the total global GDP via World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC)
• It fosters global trade and investment by connecting countries

Local Economies

• Local economies are boosted by attracting foreign exchange earnings and increasing spending in local business
• Infrastructure development occurs
• There are short-term economic gains and long-term destination from events like cultural exhibitions and festivals

Tourism Multiplier Effect

• The money spent by tourists circulates through the local economy

Job Creation

• Direct job creation offers employment opportunities in various sectors

Indirect Job Creation

• Occurs in supporting industries such as agriculture, construction and manufacturing, which supplies goods and services
• Includes farmers providing food, artisan souvenir etc

Economic Linkages

• Enhancing economic integration by agriculture with fresh produce
• Enhancing economic integration by technology like travel apps
• Enhancing economic integration by construction via building accommodations

Job Creation Challenges

• Seasonality of tourism leads to fluctuating demands
• It can make economies vulnerable to external shocks

Economic Growth and Sustainability

• The need to balance economic growth with sustainability

Opportunities

• Diversification of tourism products
• Promoting sustainable tourism

Challenges

• Over tourism can strain local infrastructure
• Unequal distribution of economic benefits

Cultural and Social Impacts

• Fosters intercultural exchange
• Promotes understanding
• Influences the way communities live and interact

Influence on Local Cultures

• Positive impacts include cultural and economic changes

Cultural Exchange

• Tourism facilitates the exchange of ideas and lifestyle between visitors and locals

Economic Empowerment

• Revenue generated supports the preservation of cultural sites

Revitalization of Traditions

• Increased interest can lead to their revival and preservation

Negative Impacts

• Cultural commodification that commercializes traditions and rituals to cater for tourists
• Erosion of local identity that can dilute cultural uniqueness and traditional values
• Social disruption may strain community resources and cause overcrowding

Examples of Impacts

• Positive: cultural festivals gain global attention showcasing local traditions
• Negative: over tourism has led to concerns about loss of cultural charm and community character

Managing Cultural Sensitivity

• Promoting cultural sensitivity
• Educating tourist on respecting the local customs
• Encouraging responsible behavior

Community Engagement

• Local communities are planning to ensure their culture is respected

Sustainable Tourism

• Sustainable tourism practices implement measures to minimize negative environmental and cultural degradation
• Legislation and policy put in place by the government enforce policies to protect cultural heritage
• Can promote cultural awareness through virtual and digital means
• Digital tools help preserve cultural landmarks and artifacts with GIS mapping and digital archives

Balancing Economic Growth

• Goal is to balance growth with environmental conservation
• It is a significant source of income and employment worldwide

Core Principles

• Tourism is a significant source of income and employment worldwide
• Infrastructure, foreign investment and cultural exchange common outcomes

Environmental Challenges

• Over tourism
• Habitat destruction
• Pollution
• Climate change impacts

Balance

• Carrying capacity is the maximum numbers that an ecosystem can sustain
• Eco-friendly practices include using renewable energy, waste management and conservation policies
• It requires economic diversification to reduce reliance on tourism

Tourism and Hospitality

• Environmental responsibility includes minimizing environmental footprint through conservation
• Cultural respect includes preserving local customs while promoting cross-cultural
• Economic viability benefits local communities by creating jobs
• Community engagement involves local community in tourism planning and decisions making
• Sustainable practices in hospitality that ensure have Green certification for eco-friendly

Sourcing

• Should consider sourcing local and sustainable materials
• Need for training staff and educating locals

Global Initiatives

• UN sustainable development goals (SDGs) contribute to goals such as poverty reduction, gender equality, and climate action
• Eco-tourism and responsible tourism are specialized forms of tourism that emphasize sustainability and community

Case Studies

• Costa Rica is known for its eco-tourism initiatives, including protected national parks and sustainable lodges
• Bhutan implements high-value, low-impact tourism policies to preserve its cultural and natural heritage
• The Maldives adopting solar energy and coral reef conservation programs to address climate change impacts

Government Policies

• This is the Government Policies and Tourism Governance in the Philippines

Role of Governments

• Policymaking and regulations establish the legal frameworks and policies that regulate such trends
• Infrastructure development requires investing in airports, roads, and tourist facilitates
• Marketing and promotion at a national and local level can occur through marketing campaigns
• Capacity building provides training and development programs which ensures the quality of service
• Crisis management also plays a critical role in managing crises

Role of Organizations

• UNWTO is important as a united nations world tourism organization
• Also provides assistance and capacity and develop global standards and guidelines and Sharing
• ASEAN promotes regional tourism cooperation as it is an association of southeast Asian nations
• Many organizations such as International Labor organization (ILO) etc contribute to tourism governance

Regulations

• Tourism act of 2009(RA 9593) landmark legislation created the Tourism Infrastructure and Enterprise Zone Authority (TIEZA)
• Local Government Code (RA 7160) empowers local government units (LGUs) to regulate and promote tourism
• The clean water act and clean air act are other laws with environmental implications
• The National Cultural Heritage Act is a Heritage law

Policy

• Stakeholders are consulted and engaged to promote stakeholders from industry players, communities, and environmental groups
• This involves the study of market trends and possible impacts
• Drafting of policies which address identified challenges and other problems
• A legislative process ensures accountability and alignment with national goals
• Implementation and monitoring of measures across the board is required

Regulations

• Tourism Enterprise Zones are specific areas that offer incentives for investors
• Just adherence to tourist safety measures and ensuring environmental compliance

Philippine Initiatives

• Boracay Rehabilitation Program from the Philippines Government that is focused on tourism
• The Visit the Philippines campaign is designed to market all the natural and tourist attractions available

Collaboration

• Support from Organization and promotion cooperation from ASEAN nations