Global History 10 French Revolution Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What does bourgeoisie refer to?

The middle class including merchants and industrialists (correct)

The urban lower class

The clergy of the Roman Catholic Church

The nobility

What is deficit spending?

When a government spends more than it takes in and goes into debt.

What was the First Estate?

The first class of French society made up of the clergy.

What comprised the Second Estate?

The nobility. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Third Estate?

Made up of the bourgeoisie, urban lower class, and peasant farmers. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Estates General?

An assembly of representatives from all three estates of social classes in France. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Old Regime?

The political and social system that existed in France before the French Revolution. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Tennis Court Oath?

Agreement by the National Assembly to continue until France has a constitution. Signup and view all the answers

What was the National Assembly?

The French Revolutionary assembly that demanded radical change. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Jacques Necker?

King Louis XVI's famous economic advisor. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Bastille symbolize?

A symbol of the revolution. Signup and view all the answers

What are cahiers?

Lists of grievances drawn up by delegates for the Estates General. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Louis XIV?

King of France from 1643 to 1715. Signup and view all the answers

What are emigres?

Nobles and others who left France during peasant uprisings. Signup and view all the answers

Who were the sans-culottes?

Urban workers in France during the revolution. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Great Fear refer to?

A wave of senseless panic that spread through the French countryside. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Marquis de Lafayette?

A French soldier who served under George Washington. Signup and view all the answers

What is a tricolor?

A flag having three colored stripes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Legislative Assembly?

A French congress with the power to create laws. Signup and view all the answers

Who were the Jacobins?

Radical republicans during the French Revolution. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Committee of Public Safety?

The leaders under Robespierre who organized the defenses of France. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Maximilien Robespierre?

A young Jacobin lawyer who led the most radical phases of the French Revolution. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Directory?

A group of five men who served as liaisons between Robespierre and the Assembly. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Olympe de Gouge?

A French feminist who wrote the Declaration of the Rights of Woman. Signup and view all the answers

What is a plebiscite?

A direct vote of all the people on an important matter. Signup and view all the answers

What does annex mean?

To take territory by conquest. Signup and view all the answers

What is a blockade?

Shutting of a port to keep people or supplies from moving in or out. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Louis XVI?

King of France from 1774 to 1792. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Marie Antoinette?

Queen of France who was unpopular due to her extravagance. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Reign of Terror?

The period during the French Revolution when thousands were executed. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Bourgeoisie: Middle class, including merchants, industrialists, and professionals.
First Estate: Clergy of the Roman Catholic Church, comprising less than 1% of France's population.
Second Estate: Nobility, making up less than 2% of the population.
Third Estate: Dominated French society (97-98%), composed of the bourgeoisie, urban lower class, and peasant farmers.

Revolutionary Assembly and Events

Estates General: Assembly representing the three estates of French society.
National Assembly: Formed from the Estates General in 1789, it demanded radical changes and passed the Declaration of the Rights of Man.
Tennis Court Oath: Commitment by the National Assembly to remain united until a constitution was established.
Storming of the Bastille: A pivotal event on July 14, 1789, symbolizing the revolution and the start of widespread unrest.

Key Figures

Jacques Necker: Economic advisor to King Louis XVI, whose input could have potentially delayed the Revolution.
Maximilien Robespierre: Leader of the Jacobins, orchestrated the Reign of Terror with around 40,000 executions.
Louis XVI: King of France (1774-1792) summoned the Estates-General but faced revolution due to his inaction on reforms.
Marie Antoinette: Unpopular queen, executed alongside Louis XVI for her extravagance and resistance to reform.

Ideologies and Movements

Jacobins: Radical republicans advocating for extensive political changes during the Revolution.
Sans-culottes: Urban workers known for their role in the revolution; literally translates to "those without knee breeches."
Olympe de Gouge: Early feminist, author of the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen, advocating for equality.

Political Developments

Legislative Assembly: Successor to the National Assembly, held power to create laws and declare war.
Committee of Public Safety: Led by Robespierre, responsible for defense and central authority during 1792-1795.
Directory: Executive body of five members that succeeded the Committee of Public Safety, later overthrown by Napoleon.

Important Terms and Concepts

Deficit Spending: Government expenditure exceeding revenue, leading to debt.
Cahiers: Lists of grievances presented by delegates at the Estates-General.
Plebiscite: Direct vote by the populace on a significant issue; used to elect Napoleon.
Reign of Terror: Period (1793-94) marked by mass executions as a means of consolidating power during the revolution.

Symbolism and Impact

Tricolor: National flag of France consisting of blue, white, and red stripes, symbolizing the Revolution.
Great Fear: Wave of panic that swept through rural France following the storming of the Bastille.
Annex: The act of claiming territory through conquest, significant in the context of the revolutionary wars.
Blockade: A strategic move to prevent goods or troops from entering or leaving ports, relevant to wartime actions during and after the revolution.

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Explore key terms and concepts from the French Revolution with these flashcards designed for Global History 10. Each card highlights essential vocabulary and definitions that provide insight into the historical context and social structures of the time. Perfect for review and study, these flashcards will enhance your understanding of the French Revolution.