Questions and Answers
What does bourgeoisie refer to?
What is deficit spending?
When a government spends more than it takes in and goes into debt.
What was the First Estate?
The first class of French society made up of the clergy.
What comprised the Second Estate?
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What was the Third Estate?
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What is the Estates General?
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What was the Old Regime?
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What was the significance of the Tennis Court Oath?
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What was the National Assembly?
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Who was Jacques Necker?
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What does the Bastille symbolize?
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What are cahiers?
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Who was Louis XIV?
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What are emigres?
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Who were the sans-culottes?
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What does the Great Fear refer to?
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Who was Marquis de Lafayette?
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What is a tricolor?
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What is the Legislative Assembly?
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Who were the Jacobins?
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What was the Committee of Public Safety?
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Who was Maximilien Robespierre?
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What was the Directory?
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Who was Olympe de Gouge?
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What is a plebiscite?
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What does annex mean?
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What is a blockade?
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Who was Louis XVI?
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Who was Marie Antoinette?
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What is the Reign of Terror?
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Study Notes
Social Classes in France
- Bourgeoisie: Middle class, including merchants, industrialists, and professionals.
- First Estate: Clergy of the Roman Catholic Church, comprising less than 1% of France's population.
- Second Estate: Nobility, making up less than 2% of the population.
- Third Estate: Dominated French society (97-98%), composed of the bourgeoisie, urban lower class, and peasant farmers.
Revolutionary Assembly and Events
- Estates General: Assembly representing the three estates of French society.
- National Assembly: Formed from the Estates General in 1789, it demanded radical changes and passed the Declaration of the Rights of Man.
- Tennis Court Oath: Commitment by the National Assembly to remain united until a constitution was established.
- Storming of the Bastille: A pivotal event on July 14, 1789, symbolizing the revolution and the start of widespread unrest.
Key Figures
- Jacques Necker: Economic advisor to King Louis XVI, whose input could have potentially delayed the Revolution.
- Maximilien Robespierre: Leader of the Jacobins, orchestrated the Reign of Terror with around 40,000 executions.
- Louis XVI: King of France (1774-1792) summoned the Estates-General but faced revolution due to his inaction on reforms.
- Marie Antoinette: Unpopular queen, executed alongside Louis XVI for her extravagance and resistance to reform.
Ideologies and Movements
- Jacobins: Radical republicans advocating for extensive political changes during the Revolution.
- Sans-culottes: Urban workers known for their role in the revolution; literally translates to "those without knee breeches."
- Olympe de Gouge: Early feminist, author of the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen, advocating for equality.
Political Developments
- Legislative Assembly: Successor to the National Assembly, held power to create laws and declare war.
- Committee of Public Safety: Led by Robespierre, responsible for defense and central authority during 1792-1795.
- Directory: Executive body of five members that succeeded the Committee of Public Safety, later overthrown by Napoleon.
Important Terms and Concepts
- Deficit Spending: Government expenditure exceeding revenue, leading to debt.
- Cahiers: Lists of grievances presented by delegates at the Estates-General.
- Plebiscite: Direct vote by the populace on a significant issue; used to elect Napoleon.
- Reign of Terror: Period (1793-94) marked by mass executions as a means of consolidating power during the revolution.
Symbolism and Impact
- Tricolor: National flag of France consisting of blue, white, and red stripes, symbolizing the Revolution.
- Great Fear: Wave of panic that swept through rural France following the storming of the Bastille.
- Annex: The act of claiming territory through conquest, significant in the context of the revolutionary wars.
- Blockade: A strategic move to prevent goods or troops from entering or leaving ports, relevant to wartime actions during and after the revolution.
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Explore key terms and concepts from the French Revolution with these flashcards designed for Global History 10. Each card highlights essential vocabulary and definitions that provide insight into the historical context and social structures of the time. Perfect for review and study, these flashcards will enhance your understanding of the French Revolution.