Termes de vocabulaire - Révolution française

Vocabulary Terms

• Absolute Monarchy: A form of government where a single ruler holds absolute power.
• Alliances: Agreements between countries to support each other.
• Bias: A prejudice or predisposition toward a particular point of view.
• Cholera: A severe infectious disease.
• Colony: A territory under the political control of another country.
• Constitutional Monarchy: A system of government in which a monarch's power is limited by a constitution.
• Credible Source/Reliability: Sources that are trustworthy and can be relied upon for accurate information.
• Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen: A document asserting the rights of individuals during the French Revolution.
• Democracy: A system of government by the people, exercised directly or through elected representatives.
• Divine Right of Kings: The belief that a monarch's right to rule comes directly from God.
• Estate (French Revolution): Social classes in pre-revolutionary France.
• Geocentric Theory (Model): The theory that the Earth is the center of the universe.
• Heliocentric Theory (Model): The theory that the Sun is the center of the solar system.
• Imperialism: The policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.
• Labor unions: Organizations of workers formed to protect their rights and interests.
• Militarism: A belief in the importance of military strength.
• Nationalism: A strong feeling of pride and loyalty to one's country.
• Natural Rights: Rights that are inherent to all people, such as the right to life, liberty, and property.
• Primary Source: Original documents or objects that provide firsthand accounts of events.
• Protectorate: A state that is under the protection of another more powerful state.
• Social Contract: An agreement between people and their government, defining the rights and responsibilities of both.
• Social Darwinism: A theory applying Darwin's ideas of natural selection to human society.
• Sphere of Influence: A region where one country has significant political or economic influence.
• Thesis: A statement or argument that is supported with evidence and reasoning.

Important People

• Cesare Beccaria: An Italian philosopher who advocated for criminal justice reform.
• Simón Bolívar: A South American revolutionary leader.
• Napoleon Bonaparte: A French military and political leader.
• Nicolaus Copernicus: A Polish astronomer who formulated the heliocentric model of the solar system.
• Galileo Galilei: An Italian astronomer and physicist.
• Thomas Hobbes: An English philosopher who wrote about the social contract.
• John Locke: An influential English philosopher.
• Emperor Menelik II: Emperor of Ethiopia during the late 19th century
• Baron de Montesquieu: A French political philosopher.
• Sir Isaac Newton: A key figure in the scientific revolution.
• Mangal Pandey: A sepoy who instigated the Indian Sepoy Mutiny.
• Rani Lakshmi Bai: A leader of the Indian Rebellion of 1857.
• Jean-Jacques Rousseau: A Genevan philosopher.
• Adam Smith: A Scottish economist and philosopher.
• Queen Mother Yaa Asantewaa: Leader of the Ashanti resistance against British colonization.
• Gavrilo Princip: The assassin who triggered World War I.
• Archduke Franz Ferdinand: Heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne.

Important Events & Concepts

• Analyzing Political Cartoons: Studying political cartoons to understand historical events and perspectives.
• Challenges to traditional ways of thinking : Examples include the Protestant Reformation and the Enlightenment.
• Protestant Reformation: A religious movement that challenged the Catholic Church.
• Enlightenment/Age of Reason: A historical period emphasizing reason and individualism.
• Effects of the Enlightenment on the American Revolution: The Enlightenment principles influenced the American Revolution by promoting ideas of individual rights and self-governance.
• Effects of the Enlightenment on the French Revolution: The Enlightenment similarly inspired concepts of liberty and equality in France.
• French Revolution: A period of radical social and political change in France.
• Latin American Revolutions: Independence movements in Latin America.
• Citizens: People in a political community.
• Causes and effects of Industrial Revolution: The factors driving and the outcomes of the Industrial Revolution.
• Why England?: The specific factors that led to the Industrial Revolution beginning in England.
• Effects on all social classes and men/women/children: The social impacts of industrialization on different population groups.
• Causes and effects of Imperialism: External factors and outcomes of imperialistic expansion.
• Boxer Rebellion: A Chinese nationalist uprising against foreign influence.
• Napoleonic Code: Napoleon's legal system.
• White Man's Burden: A racist justification for imperialism.
• Meiji Restoration: A period of large-scale reforms in Japan.
• Successes and failures in resisting imperialism: Various accounts and results of colonial resistance.
• MAIN Causes of World War I: The four main causes: Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, and Nationalism.
• Powder Keg of Europe: The volatile political environment in Europe leading up to World War I.
• Contributions of colonies during WWI: Involvement of overseas territories in the war effort.
• Major provisions of the Treaty of Versailles and how it affects Germany: The terms of the treaty and their consequences for Germany's future.
• Armenian Genocide: A systematic killing of Armenians by the Ottoman Empire.