Podcast
Questions and Answers
What term describes the changes in the number of people in a geographic area over time?
What term describes the changes in the number of people in a geographic area over time?
Which of the following is NOT a component of demographic study according to Hauser and Duncan?
Which of the following is NOT a component of demographic study according to Hauser and Duncan?
What is the average mortality rate in Quezon City?
What is the average mortality rate in Quezon City?
What does the term 'migration rate' refer to?
What does the term 'migration rate' refer to?
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Which factor is considered related to population processes in demographic studies?
Which factor is considered related to population processes in demographic studies?
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Which immigrant group is the largest in the Philippines, as stated in the demographic information?
Which immigrant group is the largest in the Philippines, as stated in the demographic information?
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What is the leading cause of death in the Philippines?
What is the leading cause of death in the Philippines?
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According to Anderson, what are the two approaches to thinking about population change?
According to Anderson, what are the two approaches to thinking about population change?
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What did Malthus identify as the primary factor leading to overpopulation?
What did Malthus identify as the primary factor leading to overpopulation?
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According to Confucius, what happens when the population is too small?
According to Confucius, what happens when the population is too small?
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What was Plato's perspective on population growth?
What was Plato's perspective on population growth?
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What did Aristotle believe could be necessary to control population growth?
What did Aristotle believe could be necessary to control population growth?
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What is the principle of Neo-Malthusianism?
What is the principle of Neo-Malthusianism?
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What preventive checks to population growth did Malthus promote?
What preventive checks to population growth did Malthus promote?
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What impact did Confucius attribute to a large population?
What impact did Confucius attribute to a large population?
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Which of the following describes Malthus's belief about population growth and morality?
Which of the following describes Malthus's belief about population growth and morality?
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What characterizes the Pre-Industrial Society stage in demographic transition?
What characterizes the Pre-Industrial Society stage in demographic transition?
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Which factor contributes to the reduced death rates in the Early Transition stage?
Which factor contributes to the reduced death rates in the Early Transition stage?
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During which demographic stage do birth rates begin to decline due to advances in contraception?
During which demographic stage do birth rates begin to decline due to advances in contraception?
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What societal change is observed in the Late Transition stage regarding women?
What societal change is observed in the Late Transition stage regarding women?
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What is a common trait of the Post-Transition stage in demographic transition?
What is a common trait of the Post-Transition stage in demographic transition?
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Which of the following best describes preventive and positive checks in the Pre-Industrial Society?
Which of the following best describes preventive and positive checks in the Pre-Industrial Society?
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What primarily sustains the high birth rate during the Early Transition stage?
What primarily sustains the high birth rate during the Early Transition stage?
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Which of the following factors is NOT associated with the Pre-Industrial Society stage?
Which of the following factors is NOT associated with the Pre-Industrial Society stage?
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Which factor is NOT associated with wealthy economies maintaining low birth and death rates?
Which factor is NOT associated with wealthy economies maintaining low birth and death rates?
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What is a potential consequence of low birth rates in a society?
What is a potential consequence of low birth rates in a society?
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What cultural change reflects a societal shift towards individualism?
What cultural change reflects a societal shift towards individualism?
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Which technological change contributes to demographic transition?
Which technological change contributes to demographic transition?
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What is secularization in the context of demographic transition?
What is secularization in the context of demographic transition?
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What role does higher education play in structural changes during demographic transition?
What role does higher education play in structural changes during demographic transition?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding modernization's impact on society?
Which of the following statements is true regarding modernization's impact on society?
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What does the importance of self-fulfillment indicate about a society's cultural changes?
What does the importance of self-fulfillment indicate about a society's cultural changes?
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Study Notes
Global Demography
- The presentation discusses global demographics, including population size, rates, and distribution.
- Quezon City is the most populated city in the Philippines, with a population of 3,278,247.
- The largest immigrant group is Chinese, with approximately 59,000 registered aliens.
- Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of death in the Philippines.
- Birth rate: 19.378 births per 1000 people.
- Mortality rate: 6.2 deaths per 1000 population.
- Migration rate: -0.593 per 1000 population.
Demography Definition
- Demography is the study of size, territorial distribution, and composition of populations, and changes in these aspects.
- Components include natality (birth rate), mortality (death rate), migration, and social mobility.
- Demography is a basis for all social sciences.
Demography Studies
- Population size (number of people in a country, or region at a given time).
- Population growth or decline (changes in the number of people over time).
- Population processes: fertility, mortality, and migration.
Population Processes Factors
- Diseases and socioeconomic characteristics related to mortality.
- Family formation, labor force participation.
- Government policies related to fertility.
- Differences in income and opportunity in various areas.
- War, immigration, and economic conditions that motivate migration.
- Geographic distribution among states/rural and urban areas.
Theories on Demography and Population Growth
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Aggregate approach (Malthus): Population growth happens faster than the growth of food production.
- This leads to shortages, famine, poverty, and disease.
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Causal/Micro-behavioral approach (Malthus): Individuals can prevent overpopulation by personal choices (like delayed marriage or fewer children). This reduces pressure on resources.
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Confucius (500 BC): Small populations lack workers to cultivate land and pay taxes; large populations lead to productivity and good governance, but larger populations can lead to poverty and hardships.
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Plato (400 BC): Rapid population growth or decline leads to social disruption. He suggested the quality of the population be prioritised.
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Aristotle (400 BC): Suggested that population growth should be moderate to prevent social disruption, and proposed measures as infanticide and abortion if necessary.
Malthusian Approaches
- The core cause of high population growth is a lack of restraint.
- Acceptable ways to control fertility include abstaining from premarital sex and postponing marriage until a couple can support children.
Neo-Malthusianism
- Belief that population control through contraception is essential for the survival of the earth's human population.
1st Demographic Transition Theory (Frank Notestein)
- Stage 1 (Pre-industrial Society): High and imbalanced birth/death rates; low technology and medicine; short life expectancy due to poor diet, sanitation, and hygiene.
- Stage 2 (Early Transition): Decline in death rate due to better food supply, medicine, and education; high birth rate remains due to lack of contraception; rapid population growth; longer life expectancy.
- Stage 3 (Late Transition): Birth rates start to fall due to increased awareness and contraceptives, changing values surrounding childbirth; women assuming other roles outside of children raising; women assuming economic and social roles.
- Stage 4 (Post-Transition): Both birth and death rates are low; stable population resulting from wealthier societies with good economic support, family planning, healthcare, and education. This is when birth rates are low enough to threaten societies ability to maintain a workforce and leaders, causing economic and political concerns.
2nd Demographic Transition Theory (Van de Kaa)
- Structural Changes: Modernization, growth of service economy & welfare state, expansion of higher education.
- Cultural Changes: Secularization (society becoming less reliant on religion & traditional beliefs, more on science & personal choices); rise of individualistic values emphasizing self-expression and fulfillment; importance of self-expression and self-fulfillment; priority of happiness and personal dreams.
- Technological Changes: Adoption of modern contraception, advancements in assisted reproduction, explosion of new information technologies.
- Other changes: Increasing age at first marriage, rising premarital cohabitation and rate of childbirth outside marriage, increased instances of divorce, growing acceptance of same-sex marriages (Phases I, II, and III of the 2nd Theory).
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Description
This quiz explores global demographics, focusing on population size, rates, and distribution with a special emphasis on the Philippines. It covers essential concepts such as birth and mortality rates, migration, and the definition of demography, providing insights into population dynamics and their implications for society.
