Global Demography Overview
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Questions and Answers

What term describes the changes in the number of people in a geographic area over time?

  • Population Growth or Decline (correct)
  • Population Process
  • Population Size
  • Population Distribution

Which of the following is NOT a component of demographic study according to Hauser and Duncan?

  • Mortality
  • Natality
  • Social Stability (correct)
  • Migration

What is the average mortality rate in Quezon City?

  • 0.593 per 1000 population
  • 6.2 deaths/1,000 (correct)
  • 100 deaths/1000 people
  • 19.378 deaths/1000 people

What does the term 'migration rate' refer to?

<p>The net movement of people into or out of a population (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is considered related to population processes in demographic studies?

<p>Economic conditions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which immigrant group is the largest in the Philippines, as stated in the demographic information?

<p>Chinese (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the leading cause of death in the Philippines?

<p>Ischemic heart disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Anderson, what are the two approaches to thinking about population change?

<p>Aggregate and Causal or Micro-behavioral (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Malthus identify as the primary factor leading to overpopulation?

<p>Man's natural reproductive tendencies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Confucius, what happens when the population is too small?

<p>Limited agricultural production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Plato's perspective on population growth?

<p>Rapid population changes can lead to social disruption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Aristotle believe could be necessary to control population growth?

<p>Infanticide and abortion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle of Neo-Malthusianism?

<p>The use of contraception for population control (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What preventive checks to population growth did Malthus promote?

<p>Refraining from premarital sex and postponing marriage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact did Confucius attribute to a large population?

<p>Better governance and productivity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes Malthus's belief about population growth and morality?

<p>Lack of moral restraint leads to high population growth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the Pre-Industrial Society stage in demographic transition?

<p>High birth and death rates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to the reduced death rates in the Early Transition stage?

<p>Improved sanitation and hygiene (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which demographic stage do birth rates begin to decline due to advances in contraception?

<p>Late Transition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What societal change is observed in the Late Transition stage regarding women?

<p>Women assume both economic and social roles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common trait of the Post-Transition stage in demographic transition?

<p>Both birth and death rates are low (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes preventive and positive checks in the Pre-Industrial Society?

<p>Factors that control population growth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primarily sustains the high birth rate during the Early Transition stage?

<p>Lack of contraception and education (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is NOT associated with the Pre-Industrial Society stage?

<p>High life expectancy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT associated with wealthy economies maintaining low birth and death rates?

<p>Traditional agricultural practices (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of low birth rates in a society?

<p>Shortage of future workers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What cultural change reflects a societal shift towards individualism?

<p>Prioritization of self-expression (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technological change contributes to demographic transition?

<p>Advances in assisted reproduction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is secularization in the context of demographic transition?

<p>Growing influence of science and personal choice (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does higher education play in structural changes during demographic transition?

<p>Enhances economic productivity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding modernization's impact on society?

<p>It encourages service economy growth. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the importance of self-fulfillment indicate about a society's cultural changes?

<p>Shift towards valuing personal happiness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Demography Definition

The study of population size, distribution, composition, and changes, including birth rates, death rates, migration, and social mobility.

Population Size

The total number of people in a specific area (country, city, etc.) at a given time.

Population Growth/Decline

Changes in the number of people in a region over a period.

Population Processes

Birth, death, and migration—the core drivers of population change.

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Population Distribution

The way people are spread across a geographic area.

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Factors & Population Processes

Socioeconomic conditions, diseases, policies (e.g., migration, family formation) influencing birth rates, death rates, and migration.

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Aggregate Approach

A way of understanding population change that looks at the overall patterns.

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Micro/Behavioral Approach

Understanding population change from individual or family level actions.

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Malthusian Theory

The idea that population growth outpaces food production, leading to resource scarcity, poverty, and hardship.

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Preventive Checks

Actions that individuals can take to limit population growth, such as delaying marriage or having fewer children.

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Moral Restraint

The idea that individuals should choose to limit their family size by postponing marriage and having fewer children.

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Neo-Malthusianism

The belief that population control through contraception is necessary to protect the environment and resources.

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Confucius' View on Population

A balanced population is key for a thriving society. Too small, not enough workers; too large, poverty ensues.

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Plato's View on Population

Population growth or decline should be moderate to avoid social disruption. Quality over quantity.

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Aristotle's View on Population

Limiting population growth through measures like infanticide and abortion ensures stable democracy.

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Population Theories: Macro vs. Micro

Macro approaches focus on overall population trends, while micro approaches examine individual choices and behavior.

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2nd Demographic Transition

A theory explaining a shift from low birth and death rates to even lower birth rates and higher life expectancies in developed nations.

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Post-Transitional Society

A society with very low birth rates, an aging population, and potential challenges to economic growth and social stability.

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Structural Changes (2nd Demographic Transition)

Factors like the rise of the service economy, welfare states, and higher education that influence fertility rates.

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Cultural Changes (2nd Demographic Transition)

Shifts in values towards secularism, individualism, self-expression, and pursuing personal goals.

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Technological Changes (2nd Demographic Transition)

Advancements like contraception, assisted reproduction, and information technology that affect fertility choices.

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Secularization

A trend where society becomes less influenced by religion and traditional beliefs, with people relying more on science and individual choices.

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Individualistic Values

A focus on personal happiness, self-fulfillment, and individual goals, rather than just following community or family traditions.

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Self-Expression and Fulfillment

A cultural emphasis on pursuing personal passions, talents, and dreams, leading to changes in life choices, including family size.

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Stage 1: Pre-Industrial Society

A society characterized by high birth rates and death rates, resulting in slow population growth. Limited access to healthcare and technology leads to a short life expectancy.

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Positive and Preventive Checks

Factors that limit population growth in the Pre-Industrial stage, including disease, famine, and war (positive checks), as well as practices like late marriage that influence birth rates (preventive checks).

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Stage 2: Early Transition

Marked by a significant drop in death rates due to improved healthcare, nutrition, and sanitation. Birth rates remain high, leading to rapid population growth.

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Stage 3: Late Transition

Birth rates begin to decline as access to contraception increases, women's education expands, and societal values shift towards smaller families.

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Stage 4: Post-Transition

Both birth and death rates are low, leading to stable population growth or even decline. This stage is often associated with developed societies.

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What are the main drivers of demographic transition?

The main drivers are advancements in healthcare, technology, education, economic development, and societal changes that influence birth and death rates.

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Contraception and Population Growth

The availability and use of contraception play a significant role in reducing birth rates and controlling population growth.

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Women's Roles and Birth Rates

As women gain access to education and economic opportunities, their roles in society expand, leading to a shift in values, attitudes, and desires for smaller families.

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Study Notes

Global Demography

  • The presentation discusses global demographics, including population size, rates, and distribution.
  • Quezon City is the most populated city in the Philippines, with a population of 3,278,247.
  • The largest immigrant group is Chinese, with approximately 59,000 registered aliens.
  • Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of death in the Philippines.
  • Birth rate: 19.378 births per 1000 people.
  • Mortality rate: 6.2 deaths per 1000 population.
  • Migration rate: -0.593 per 1000 population.

Demography Definition

  • Demography is the study of size, territorial distribution, and composition of populations, and changes in these aspects.
  • Components include natality (birth rate), mortality (death rate), migration, and social mobility.
  • Demography is a basis for all social sciences.

Demography Studies

  • Population size (number of people in a country, or region at a given time).
  • Population growth or decline (changes in the number of people over time).
  • Population processes: fertility, mortality, and migration.

Population Processes Factors

  • Diseases and socioeconomic characteristics related to mortality.
  • Family formation, labor force participation.
  • Government policies related to fertility.
  • Differences in income and opportunity in various areas.
  • War, immigration, and economic conditions that motivate migration.
  • Geographic distribution among states/rural and urban areas.

Theories on Demography and Population Growth

  • Aggregate approach (Malthus): Population growth happens faster than the growth of food production.

    • This leads to shortages, famine, poverty, and disease.

  • Causal/Micro-behavioral approach (Malthus): Individuals can prevent overpopulation by personal choices (like delayed marriage or fewer children). This reduces pressure on resources.

  • Confucius (500 BC): Small populations lack workers to cultivate land and pay taxes; large populations lead to productivity and good governance, but larger populations can lead to poverty and hardships.

  • Plato (400 BC): Rapid population growth or decline leads to social disruption. He suggested the quality of the population be prioritised.

  • Aristotle (400 BC): Suggested that population growth should be moderate to prevent social disruption, and proposed measures as infanticide and abortion if necessary.

Malthusian Approaches

  • The core cause of high population growth is a lack of restraint.
  • Acceptable ways to control fertility include abstaining from premarital sex and postponing marriage until a couple can support children.

Neo-Malthusianism

  • Belief that population control through contraception is essential for the survival of the earth's human population.

1st Demographic Transition Theory (Frank Notestein)

  • Stage 1 (Pre-industrial Society): High and imbalanced birth/death rates; low technology and medicine; short life expectancy due to poor diet, sanitation, and hygiene.
  • Stage 2 (Early Transition): Decline in death rate due to better food supply, medicine, and education; high birth rate remains due to lack of contraception; rapid population growth; longer life expectancy.
  • Stage 3 (Late Transition): Birth rates start to fall due to increased awareness and contraceptives, changing values surrounding childbirth; women assuming other roles outside of children raising; women assuming economic and social roles.
  • Stage 4 (Post-Transition): Both birth and death rates are low; stable population resulting from wealthier societies with good economic support, family planning, healthcare, and education. This is when birth rates are low enough to threaten societies ability to maintain a workforce and leaders, causing economic and political concerns.

2nd Demographic Transition Theory (Van de Kaa)

  • Structural Changes: Modernization, growth of service economy & welfare state, expansion of higher education.
  • Cultural Changes: Secularization (society becoming less reliant on religion & traditional beliefs, more on science & personal choices); rise of individualistic values emphasizing self-expression and fulfillment; importance of self-expression and self-fulfillment; priority of happiness and personal dreams.
  • Technological Changes: Adoption of modern contraception, advancements in assisted reproduction, explosion of new information technologies.
  • Other changes: Increasing age at first marriage, rising premarital cohabitation and rate of childbirth outside marriage, increased instances of divorce, growing acceptance of same-sex marriages (Phases I, II, and III of the 2nd Theory).

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Module 13 The Global Demography PDF

Description

This quiz explores global demographics, focusing on population size, rates, and distribution with a special emphasis on the Philippines. It covers essential concepts such as birth and mortality rates, migration, and the definition of demography, providing insights into population dynamics and their implications for society.

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