12 Questions
What is the main cause of glaucoma?
Abnormally high intraocular pressure
What is the mechanism of action of topical beta blockers in treating glaucoma?
Blocks β1 and β2 receptors on the ciliary epithelium, inhibits cAMP synthesis, and decreases aqueous humor production
What distinguishes open-angle glaucoma from narrow-angle glaucoma?
Open-angle glaucoma has a normal appearance of the angle between iris and cornea, while narrow-angle glaucoma has an obstructed drainage angle by the root of the iris.
Which drug is considered the first-line therapy for glaucoma treatment?
Topical beta blockers
How does Timolol differ from other beta blockers in glaucoma treatment?
Timolol crosses the cornea more effectively than other beta blockers.
What are the common ocular side effects of topical beta blockers?
Burning and decreased corneal sensation
What is the mechanism of action of alpha receptor agonists in treating glaucoma?
Alpha receptor agonists decrease the rate of production of aqueous humor by constricting arteries and reducing blood flow to the ciliary body.
Name one side effect of prostaglandin agonists used in glaucoma treatment.
One side effect is the darkening of the eye due to an increase in pigmentation in the iris.
How do carbonic anhydrase inhibitors like Acetazolamide work in the treatment of glaucoma?
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors block ciliary carbonic anhydrase activity, reducing aqueous formation from the ciliary body.
What are the primary side effects associated with the use of alpha receptor agonists in glaucoma treatment?
Primary side effects include burning, stinging, ocular pain, dryness, tearing, and eyelid erythema.
Which glaucoma medication has been shown to increase aqueous outflow by as much as 50%?
Latanoprost
What are the notable side effects of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors like Dorzolamide?
Notable side effects include nausea, vomiting, metallic taste in the mouth, and paresthesia of the fingers, toes, and perioral area.
Learn about the condition of glaucoma, where abnormally high intraocular pressure damages the optic nerve, potentially leading to blindness. Understand the causes, symptoms, and different types of glaucoma such as open-angle and narrow-angle.
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