Glass Ionomer Cements: Chemistry and Clinical Applications
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Questions and Answers

What is the setting reaction of Glass Ionomer Cement?

  • Ion leaching Phase: decomposition of glass powder
  • Copolymers of acrylic acid and/or water
  • Precipitation of cations and anions (correct)
  • Ion-leachable calcium aluminofluorosilicate glass

    • Which phase of the setting reaction involves the decomposition of glass powder?

  • Ion leaching Phase (correct)
  • Gelation Phase
  • Both Ion leaching Phase and Gelation Phase
  • None of the above

    • What is the composition of conventional Glass Ionomer Cement's liquid component?

  • Powder ion-leachable calcium aluminofluorosilicate glass
  • Precipitation of cations and anions
  • Copolymers of acrylic acid and/or water (correct)
  • Decomposition of glass powder

    • Which learning outcome is related to applying Glass Ionomer Cement in different clinical cases?

    <p>Apply Glass Ionomer Cement in different clinical cases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the maturation phase in glass ionomer cement (GIC) setting?

    <p>To cross-link the polymer chains and gain maximum strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of an increase in the Al/Si ratio in glass composition on the setting rate of GICs?

    <p>It increases the setting rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor influences the thermal diffusivity of GICs?

    <p>Thermal properties of dentine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does adding fluoride have on the esthetic properties of GICs?

    <p>Translucent appearance and increased flexural strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does fluoride release from glass ionomer cements (GICs) occur?

    <p>Rapid initial release followed by sustained low levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for shrinkage in resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RMGICs)?

    <p>Polymerization reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do conventional glass ionomer cements (GICs) adhere to tooth structure?

    <p>Through ion exchange with carboxyl groups of GIC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of adding light-cured bonding agents to glass ionomer cements (GICs)?

    <p>To protect against moisture and improve physical properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does an increase in powder/liquid ratio affect the setting rate of GICs?

    <p>It increases the setting rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the gelation phase of GIC setting?

    <p>The hydrogel forms around glass particles and polymer chains are cross-linked</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of including tartric acid on the setting rate of GICs?

    <p>It increases the setting rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does fluoride release differ between conventional and resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RMGICs)?

    <p>Sustained low levels with no initial burst in conventional GICs, while RMGICs have a rapid initial release followed by sustained low levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main use of cements in dentistry?

    <p>Cavity liners for filling treatments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rationale for using cavity lining materials in dentistry?

    <p>To act as a barrier between filling material and dentine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cement is based on Organometallic Chelate Compounds?

    <p>Glass Ionomer Cement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the properties and uses of Cements based on Phosphoric Acids?

    <p>Chemical adhesion to tooth structure, used for cementation of bridges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a requirement of cavity lining materials in terms of thermal barrier?

    <p>They are often expected to form a thermal insulating barrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of placing a thin layer of cavity lining material inside a prepared cavity?

    <p>To serve as a thermal insulating barrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of lining the walls and base of shallow cavities with varnish?

    <p>To create a protective chemical barrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for cavity linings to be radiopaque?

    <p>To observe them on radiographs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does the integrity of a lining depend on?

    <p>The strength and flow of the material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes zinc oxide eugenol cements?

    <p>Leached eugenol replaced by olive oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reactive agent in the liquid component of zinc oxide eugenol cements?

    <p>Eugenol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of zinc phosphate cements?

    <p>To form satisfactory dental cement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC)

    • Setting reaction involves an acid-base reaction between the glass powder and the liquid component.
    • The acid-base reaction involves the decomposition of glass powder.
    • Conventional GIC's liquid component is composed of a polyacrylic acid and water.
    • The main purpose of the maturation phase in GIC setting is to achieve the maximum strength of the cement.

    Clinical Applications of GIC

    • Applying GIC in different clinical cases involves selecting the appropriate type and composition of GIC for the specific needs of the patient.
    • The learning outcome related to applying GIC involves understanding the clinical indications and contraindications of GIC.

    Composition and Properties of GIC

    • An increase in the Al/Si ratio in glass composition increases the setting rate of GICs.
    • Thermal diffusivity of GICs is influenced by the composition of the glass powder.
    • Adding fluoride to GICs does not affect their esthetic properties.
    • Fluoride release from GICs occurs through a process of ion exchange and diffusion.

    Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cements (RMGICs)

    • The main reason for shrinkage in RMGICs is the polymerization of the resin component.
    • RMGICs adhere to tooth structure through a combination of mechanical and chemical bonding.

    Conventional Glass Ionomer Cements (GICs)

    • Conventional GICs adhere to tooth structure through a combination of mechanical and chemical bonding.
    • Adding light-cured bonding agents to GICs improves their bonding to tooth structure.
    • An increase in powder/liquid ratio affects the setting rate of GICs.

    Setting Reaction of GIC

    • During the gelation phase of GIC setting, the cement starts to set and becomes less fluid.
    • Including tartric acid in the liquid component accelerates the setting rate of GICs.
    • Fluoride release from RMGICs occurs more rapidly than from conventional GICs.

    Uses of Cements in Dentistry

    • The main use of cements in dentistry is for restorative and preventive procedures.
    • The rationale for using cavity lining materials in dentistry is to protect the tooth from thermal and mechanical stresses.

    Properties and Uses of Cements

    • Cements based on Organometallic Chelate Compounds are used for temporary restorations.
    • Cements based on Phosphoric Acids are used for permanent restorations.
    • A requirement of cavity lining materials is to provide a thermal barrier between the tooth and the restorative material.
    • The main purpose of placing a thin layer of cavity lining material inside a prepared cavity is to prevent thermal and mechanical stresses.

    Cavity Lining Materials

    • The purpose of lining the walls and base of shallow cavities with varnish is to prevent microleakage.
    • It is important for cavity linings to be radiopaque to facilitate detection on radiographs.
    • The integrity of a lining depends on the bonding between the lining and the tooth.

    Zinc Oxide Eugenol Cements

    • Zinc oxide eugenol cements are characterized by their antibacterial properties and low acidity.
    • The primary reactive agent in the liquid component of zinc oxide eugenol cements is eugenol.
    • The primary function of zinc phosphate cements is to provide a permanent restoration.

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    Test your knowledge on the chemistry and clinical uses of Glass Ionomer Cements. Learn about its composition, setting reaction, properties, types, modifications, and application in different clinical cases.

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