Bonus Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Gibbs free energy is more likely negative when_________.

  • entropy increases and enthalpy is low (correct)
  • entropy decreases and enthalpy is high
  • entropy and enthalpy are high
  • entropy and enthalpy are low

    • What is the function of proteins inside cells?

  • they can serve as structural support
  • they can play a role in ligand recognition and signal transduction
  • they can reduce bacterial loads through forming barriers on cells
  • All of the above (correct)

    • The variable region on the surface of an antibody interacts specifically with an antigen through____.

  • many weak noncovalent interactions, such as van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bonds (correct)
  • exlusively covalent interactions
  • many weak covalent interactions
  • hydrophobic interactions

    • A protein can interact with water and lipds because__________

    <p>it has polar and hydrophobic amino acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is most suitable for determining the location of a protein inside the cell?

    <p>confocal microscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Triacyglycerols are ________.

    <p>the most common fat storage molecules in cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The word "nucleoside" refers to_______.

    <p>the nitrogen base and sugar ring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hydrogen bonding between NH and C=O groups of every 4th amino acid within the polypeptide backbone results in which type of folding pattern?

    <p>α helix (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Linkage of nucleotides into nucleic acid chains occurs through a __________, leading to __________.

    <p>condensation reaction; phosphodiester bond formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does binding of a signaling molecule to its receptor affect its activity?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Gibbs Free Energy

    • More likely to be negative when the reaction is spontaneous

    Protein Functions

    • Perform various functions inside cells, including catalyzing metabolic reactions, replicating DNA, responding to stimuli, transporting molecules, and regulating metabolism

    Antibody-Antigen Interactions

    • The variable region on the surface of an antibody interacts specifically with an antigen through shape complementarity and ionic and hydrogen bonds

    Protein Interactions

    • Can interact with water and lipids because of their amphipathic nature, having both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions

    Protein Localization

    • The most suitable method for determining the location of a protein inside the cell is fluorescence microscopy

    Triacylglycerols

    • Are non-polar, hydrophobic molecules

    Nucleosides

    • Refer to a nitrogenous base linked to a five-carbon sugar molecule

    Protein Folding

    • Hydrogen bonding between NH and C=O groups of every 4th amino acid within the polypeptide backbone results in an alpha-helical folding pattern

    Nucleic Acid Synthesis

    • Linkage of nucleotides into nucleic acid chains occurs through a dehydration reaction, leading to the formation of a phosphodiester bond

    Signal Transduction

    • Binding of a signaling molecule to its receptor affects its activity by inducing a conformational change, which then triggers a response

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