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Questions and Answers

Why did the Senate agree to the condition related to Cleopatra's marriage?

  • They wanted Julius Caesar to maintain a political alliance with Egypt.
  • They wished to enhance their own political influence in Egypt.
  • They were seeking to establish a monarchy in Egypt.
  • They aimed to consolidate authority through Cleopatra's marriage to her brother. (correct)

    • What was the consequence of Julius Caesar's temporary dictatorship being extended?

  • It led to a conspiracy resulting in Caesar's assassination. (correct)
  • It increased stability within the Senate.
  • It secured his legacy in Roman history.
  • It brought peace with Marc Antony.

    • Which event marked the beginning of the Second Triumvirate?

  • The assassination of Julius Caesar. (correct)
  • The birth of Cleopatra's children.
  • The marriage of Marc Antony and Octavia.
  • The Senate declaring war on Egypt.

    • What was Cleopatra's reaction to Antony's death?

    <p>She took her own life shortly thereafter. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What led to the Senate declaring war on Egypt in 31 BCE?

    <p>Marc Antony's perceived betrayal to Rome. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the fate of the children born of Marc Antony and Cleopatra?

    <p>They were taken to Rome to be raised by Octavia. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant change occurred in 27 BCE for Octavius?

    <p>He was crowned as Emperor Augustus. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drove Antony's actions when he believed Cleopatra was dead?

    <p>A need to join her in death. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Caesar's primary reaction upon seeing the head of Pompey in Egypt?

    <p>He expressed sadness and sought a proper burial. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Cleopatra initially approach Caesar in Egypt?

    <p>By surprising him wrapped in a rug. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What decision did Caesar make regarding the conflict between Cleopatra and Ptolemy XIII?

    <p>To assist Cleopatra in overcoming Ptolemy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What historical figure did Caesar visit that influenced his thoughts on legacy?

    <p>Alexander the Great. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the fate of Ptolemy XIII after the conflict with Caesar and Cleopatra?

    <p>He drowned in the Nile. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was responsible for convincing the Senate to make Caesar dictator?

    <p>Marc Antony. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event prompted Caesar to pursue Pompey to Egypt?

    <p>Pompey's defeat in Greece. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What motivated Caesar's alliance with Cleopatra, despite personal reservations?

    <p>Political strategy to eliminate Ptolemy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Battle of Pharsalus

    A decisive battle in 48 BCE where Julius Caesar's forces defeated Pompey's army, marking a turning point in the Roman Civil War.

    Pompey's assassination

    Pompey, defeated by Caesar, fled to Egypt seeking refuge but was assassinated by Ptolemy XIII.

    Cleopatra's meeting with Caesar

    Cleopatra, the Egyptian queen, secretly met with Caesar disguised in a rug, seeking his support against her brother Ptolemy.

    Caesar's alliance with Cleopatra

    Caesar sided with Cleopatra against her brother Ptolemy XIII, leading to Ptolemy's defeat and death.

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    Caesar's legacy in Egypt

    Caesar's visit to the tomb of Alexander the Great in Egypt reflects his ambition to build a lasting legacy, inspired by Egypt's ancient history.

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    Caesar's role in the Egyptian civil war

    Caesar intervened in the Egyptian civil war by supporting Cleopatra against Ptolemy XIII, ultimately contributing to Ptolemy's demise.

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    Marc Antony's influence

    Marc Antony, Caesar's general, convinced the Roman Senate to make Caesar dictator.

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    Caesar's dictatorship

    The Roman Senate, influenced by Marc Antony, appointed Caesar as dictator, giving him supreme power in Rome.

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    Cleopatra's Marriage

    Cleopatra married her 12-year-old brother Ptolemy XVI to secure her authority as Queen of Egypt by having a male counterpart. However, this marriage was only in law, as Cleopatra was already involved with Julius Caesar.

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    Assassination of Caesar

    Caesar was assassinated on March 15, 44 BCE, by over 60 senators who felt threatened by his prolonged dictatorship.

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    Second Triumvirate

    After Caesar's assassination, Marc Antony and two of Caesar's allies formed a coalition to claim leadership of the Roman Empire.

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    Antony & Cleopatra

    Marc Antony's affair with Cleopatra caused tension in the Triumvirate, leading to Octavius declaring war on Egypt.

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    Antony's Defeat

    Antony and Cleopatra fought against Octavius' forces but were defeated. Cleopatra fled to her mausoleum and committed suicide when she received false news of Antony's death.

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    Octavius' Rise

    After conquering Egypt, Octavius killed Cleopatra's son, Caesarion, and became Emperor Augustus of the Roman Empire.

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    Legacy of Antony & Cleopatra

    Antony and Cleopatra's children, born outside of the Roman legal framework, were raised in Rome by Antony's widow, Octavia.

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    Study Notes

    The Roman Empire - Chapter 20

    • Caesar's forces advanced southward, Pompey's army moved to Greece, leaving Spain exposed.
    • Caesar conquered Pompey's remaining forces in Spain, then met Pompey at the Battle of Pharsalus.
    • Caesar's army won the battle decisively. Pompey fled to Egypt, where he was assassinated.
    • Egypt was in a state of civil war, offering Caesar an opportunity for strategic advantage.
    • Caesar traveled to Egypt, pursuing Pompey and aiming to resolve the situation to his advantage.
    • Cleopatra, seeking a political alliance, met with Caesar in his quarters.
    • Their meeting led to a strong relationship and a potential alliance.
    • Ptolemy XIII, Cleopatra's brother, died in conflict with her forces and Caesar's troops.
    • Caesar supported Cleopatra's ascension to power
    • Caesar visited the tomb of Alexander the Great, seeking to establish a legacy for himself.
    • While not inclined to support the murder, Caesar accepted Cleopatra's alliance with the Ptolemaic Dynasty.
    • Caesar's general, Marc Antony, convinced the Senate to name Caesar dictator, a result directly related to the political turmoil at the time.

    Caesar's Death and Aftermath

    • After securing Egypt, Caesar returned to Rome.
    • His leadership and position generated significant resentment within the Roman Senate, resulting in a conspiracy.
    • Caesar was assassinated by senators on March 15, 44 BCE.
    • Marc Antony and other allies formed the Second Triumvirate to address the murderers of Caesar.
    • The Triumvirate's alliance was tenuous and ultimately proved unstable.
    • Marc Antony's relationship with Cleopatra in Egypt caused tensions with other members of the alliance, particularly Octavius.
    • This ultimately led to war between Antony and Cleopatra, and Octavius.
    • Antony and Cleopatra's forces were defeated, and Cleopatra committed suicide as a result of this conflict.
    • Under the successful leadership of Octavius, Egypt came under Roman control. He became Emperor Augustus and ruled for 41 years.

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