Gestion des fichiers et des répertoires sous Linux

Study Notes

A file system (FS) organizes data on storage devices.
Linux uses a single tree structure to access files regardless of the storage devices.
Windows uses a tree structure per storage device.

Linux file system is hierarchical, using a root directory (/).
The root directory contains various subdirectories (e.g., /etc, /bin, /dev, /home, /root, /usr, /var, /proc).
/etc: Configuration files.
/bin: Command-line utilities available to all users.
/boot: System startup files.
/dev: Device files.
/home: User home directories.
/root: Root user's home directory.
/usr: System programs and libraries.
/var: Variable files (e.g., logs).
/proc: Information about running processes.

The file system is organised in a tree structure.
The root directory (/) contains all directories and files.
Directories can contain subdirectories and files.
Specific directories have special functions:
- User's home directory is the directory for user-specific files, denoted by the user's name.
- The current directory is denoted by a ".".
- The parent directory is denoted by a "..".

Ordinary files (e.g., documents, programs, data).
Special files, manage communication with devices, the system, and between processes.

pwd: Displays the current working directory's absolute path.
ls: Lists files and directories in the current directory. Options like -a (show hidden files), -l (show detailed information).
cd: Changes the current working directory.
mkdir: Creates a new directory.
rmdir: Deletes an empty directory.
touch: Creates a new empty file (or updates timestamp).
cat: Displays the content of a text file.
gedit, vi, vim, nano: Text editors for editing files.

Hard links are multiple names for the same inode, deleting one link doesn't affect the file.
Symbolic links (soft links) are shortcuts (aliases) to another file or directory. Deletions don't affect the file contents.