Gestational Hypertension and Blood Components in Pregnancy

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During pregnancy, what happens to the tone of the lower esophageal sphincter?

It increases

It decreases (correct)

It becomes hyperactive

It remains the same

What causes the gums to become hyperemic, swollen, and friable during pregnancy?

Increased estrogen levels (correct)

Decreased blood circulation

Decreased estrogen levels

Increased blood sugar levels

What change occurs in the saliva produced in the mouth during pregnancy?

It becomes more acidic (correct)

It becomes more alkaline

It becomes thicker

It becomes less acidic

What is the term for the excessive salivation that some women experience during pregnancy?

Ptyalism Signup and view all the answers

How is the motility of the gastrointestinal system affected during pregnancy?

Motility decreases Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for displacement of the intra-abdominal portion of the esophagus into the thorax during pregnancy?

Hiatal hernia Signup and view all the answers

What causes some women to get temporary relief from excessive salivation by gum chewing or sucking on hard candies?

Decreased swallowing reflex Signup and view all the answers

What leads to the condition of gastroesophageal reflux disease during pregnancy?

Decreased tone of lower esophageal sphincter Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of prostaglandins during pregnancy?

Facilitating uterine contractions and increasing myometrial sensitivity to oxytocin Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone acts as an antagonist against insulin after the first trimester of pregnancy?

hPL Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the placenta during pregnancy?

Acting as an endocrine gland and secreting hormones Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is believed to be involved in softening the cervix and initiating/maintaining labor?

Prostaglandins Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is theorized to increase myometrial sensitivity to oxytocin during pregnancy?

Relaxin Signup and view all the answers

Which hormones are thought to oppose insulin during pregnancy?

hPL, estrogen, and progesterone Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of cortisol during the last half of pregnancy?

Acting against insulin Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is capable of synthesizing enzymes and proteins during pregnancy?

Placental lactogen (hPL) Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for the increase in dental plaque, calculus, and debris deposits during pregnancy?

Vascular permeability and tissue edema Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to constipation during pregnancy?

Decreased activity level and decreased peristalsis Signup and view all the answers

What is a common problem for pregnant women caused by the slowed gastric emptying combined with relaxation of the cardiac sphincter?

Heartburn Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the formation of hemorrhoids during pregnancy?

Increased venous pressure and gravid uterus pressure Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to acid indigestion or heartburn (pyrosis) in pregnant women?

Delayed gastric emptying and decreased peristalsis Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for the decline in blood pressure during pregnancy?

Increased peripheral vasodilation caused by progesterone Signup and view all the answers

What causes the increase in cardiac output during pregnancy?

Increased stroke volume Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical definition of gestational hypertension?

Systolic of 140 mm Hg or higher and/or diastolic of 90 mm Hg or higher after 20 weeks’ gestation Signup and view all the answers

What causes the physiologic anemia of pregnancy?

Increase in plasma volume exceeding the increase in RBC production Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the hypercoagulable state during pregnancy?

Venous stasis secondary to venous pooling Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the respiratory system during pregnancy?

Increased tidal volume and maternal hyperventilation Signup and view all the answers

What influences the vascularity of the respiratory tract during pregnancy?

Increased sensitivity to allergens Signup and view all the answers

What structural alterations take place in the respiratory system during pregnancy?

Temporary changes that revert back to prepregnant state Signup and view all the answers

What causes the predominant structural change in the renal system during pregnancy?

Hormonal influences of estrogen and progesterone Signup and view all the answers

Why do the kidneys work harder throughout pregnancy?

Increased intravascular and extracellular volume Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for the increase in urine flow and volume during pregnancy?

Increased levels of estrogen and progesterone Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the characteristic 'waddle' gait that pregnant women demonstrate as they near term?

Relaxation and increased mobility of joints due to hormones Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for the development of the 'mask of pregnancy' or facial melasma in pregnant women?

Increased levels of estrogen and progesterone Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the postural changes of pregnancy such as an increased swayback and an upper spine extension?

Increased weight gain accentuating lumbar and dorsal curves Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is responsible for most skin changes in pregnancy?

Increased levels of estrogen and progesterone Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the development of striae gravidarum or stretch marks in pregnant women?

Increased levels of estrogen and progesterone Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for the enlargement of the kidneys during pregnancy?

Increased blood flow to the kidneys Signup and view all the answers

Gestational Hypertension and Blood Components in Pregnancy

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Questions and Answers

During pregnancy, what happens to the tone of the lower esophageal sphincter?

What causes the gums to become hyperemic, swollen, and friable during pregnancy?

What change occurs in the saliva produced in the mouth during pregnancy?

What is the term for the excessive salivation that some women experience during pregnancy?

How is the motility of the gastrointestinal system affected during pregnancy?

What is the term for displacement of the intra-abdominal portion of the esophagus into the thorax during pregnancy?

What causes some women to get temporary relief from excessive salivation by gum chewing or sucking on hard candies?

What leads to the condition of gastroesophageal reflux disease during pregnancy?

What is the primary role of prostaglandins during pregnancy?

Which hormone acts as an antagonist against insulin after the first trimester of pregnancy?

What is the function of the placenta during pregnancy?

Which hormone is believed to be involved in softening the cervix and initiating/maintaining labor?

What hormone is theorized to increase myometrial sensitivity to oxytocin during pregnancy?

Which hormones are thought to oppose insulin during pregnancy?

What is the primary role of cortisol during the last half of pregnancy?

Which hormone is capable of synthesizing enzymes and proteins during pregnancy?

What is the reason for the increase in dental plaque, calculus, and debris deposits during pregnancy?

What contributes to constipation during pregnancy?

What is a common problem for pregnant women caused by the slowed gastric emptying combined with relaxation of the cardiac sphincter?

What contributes to the formation of hemorrhoids during pregnancy?

What contributes to acid indigestion or heartburn (pyrosis) in pregnant women?

What is the reason for the decline in blood pressure during pregnancy?

What causes the increase in cardiac output during pregnancy?

What is the clinical definition of gestational hypertension?

What causes the physiologic anemia of pregnancy?

What contributes to the hypercoagulable state during pregnancy?

What happens to the respiratory system during pregnancy?

What influences the vascularity of the respiratory tract during pregnancy?

What structural alterations take place in the respiratory system during pregnancy?

What causes the predominant structural change in the renal system during pregnancy?

Why do the kidneys work harder throughout pregnancy?

What is responsible for the increase in urine flow and volume during pregnancy?

What contributes to the characteristic 'waddle' gait that pregnant women demonstrate as they near term?

What is responsible for the development of the 'mask of pregnancy' or facial melasma in pregnant women?

What contributes to the postural changes of pregnancy such as an increased swayback and an upper spine extension?

Which factor is responsible for most skin changes in pregnancy?

What contributes to the development of striae gravidarum or stretch marks in pregnant women?

What is responsible for the enlargement of the kidneys during pregnancy?

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