Germinal Centers in the Immune System
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of germinal centers in secondary lymphoid organs?

  • Removal of tingible body macrophages
  • Interaction between B and T cells
  • Activation, proliferation, differentiation, and mutation of B cells (correct)
  • Metabolic activity and energy production of B cells

    • What are the two distinct zones that B cells cycle through in the germinal center?

  • Outer zone and inner zone
  • Light zone and dark zone (correct)
  • Red zone and blue zone
  • Upper zone and lower zone

    • What are centroblasts and centrocytes in the context of germinal centers?

  • Centroblasts are naive B cells, while centrocytes are GC B cells
  • Centroblasts are B cells removed by tingible body macrophages, while centrocytes are metabolically active B cells
  • Centroblasts are rapidly proliferating B cells in the dark zone, while centrocytes are B cells in the light zone (correct)
  • Centroblasts are B cells that interact with T cells, while centrocytes are involved in energy production

    • What initiates germinal center formation in lymph nodes?

    <p>Interaction between B and T cells, CD40-CD40L ligation, NF-kB signaling, and expression of IRF4 and BCL6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of follicular helper T (TFH) cells in the germinal center?

    <p>Selection of centrocytes in the presence of follicular dendritic cells (FDCs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Germinal Centers in Secondary Lymphoid Organs

    • The main function of germinal centers is to generate high-affinity antibodies through the process of affinity maturation and antibody class switching.

    Germinal Center Structure

    • Germinal centers are composed of two distinct zones: the dark zone and the light zone.
    • Dark zone: a region of rapid B cell proliferation and somatic hypermutation, where B cells undergo rapid clonal expansion.
    • Light zone: a region of antigen presentation and B cell selection, where B cells undergo affinity maturation and selection.

    B Cell Types in Germinal Centers

    • Centroblasts: B cells in the dark zone that undergo rapid proliferation and somatic hypermutation, leading to the generation of high-affinity antibodies.
    • Centrocytes: B cells in the light zone that undergo affinity maturation and selection, resulting in the survival of high-affinity B cells.

    Germinal Center Formation

    • Germinal center formation in lymph nodes is initiated by the activation of follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) through the binding of activated B cells and CD4+ T cells.

    Follicular Helper T (TFH) Cells

    • The main role of TFH cells is to provide help to B cells in the germinal center, promoting their survival, proliferation, and differentiation into high-affinity antibody-secreting plasma cells and memory B cells.

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    Test your knowledge about the formation, function, and regulation of germinal centers in secondary lymphoid organs as part of the immune response.

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