German Vocabulary: Countries & Common Verbs

• This is a list of common & abstract words in German

Countries & Nationalities

• China is "(das) China"
• Chinese is "chinesisch"
• Europe is "(das) Europa"
• European is "europäisch"
• France is "(das) Frankreich"
• French is "französisch"
• Italy is "(das) Italien"
• Austria is "(das) Österreich"
• Austrian (male) is "der Österreicher", plural is "die Österreicher", article is "der"
• Austrian (female) is "die Österreicherin", plural is "die Österreicherinnen", article is "die"
• Swiss is "Schweizer"
• Swiss (male) is "der Schweizer", plural is "die Schweizer", article is "der"
• Swiss (female) is "die Schweizerin", plural is "die Schweizerinnen", article is "die"
• American is "amerikanisch"
• international is "international"
• National is "national"

Common Verbs

• To buy - kaufen
• To connect - verbinden
• To get, receive - bekommen
• To give - geben
• To fetch, get ahold of - holen
• To cost - kosten
• To like - mögen
• To carry, wear - tragen
• To pay - zahlen
• To achieve, attain, reach - erreichen

Separable Prefix Verbs (Irregular)

• To offer - an-bieten
• To introduce, imagine - vorstellen
• To increase, gain weight - zunehmen

Common Nouns: Objects & Places

• Beer is "das Bier", plural: "die Biere", article: "das"
• Glass is "das Glas", plural: "die Gläser", article: "das"
• Water is "das Wasser", article: "das"
• Money is "das Geld", plural: "die Gelder", article: "das"
• Kilogram is "das Kilogramm", article: "das"
• Table is "der Tisch", plural: "die Tische", article: "der"
• Door is "Die Tür", plural: "Die Türen", article: "die"
• Garden is "der Garten", plural: "die Gärten", article: "der"
• Kitchen, cuisine is "die Küche", plural: "die Küchen", article: "die"
• Rest, remainder is "der Rest", plural: "die Reste", article: "der"

Common Adverbs

• (over) there (further than "da") is dort
• there is, there are is es gibt
• everywhere is überall
• [one] self is selbst
• alone is allein

People & Professions

• Customer (male) is "der Kunde", plural is "die Kunden", article is "der"
• Customer (female) is "die Kundin", plural is "die Kundinnen", article is "die"
• Person, human being is "der Mensch", plural is "die Menschen", article is "der"
• Name is "der Name", plural is "die Namen", article is "der"
• Refugee is "der Flüchtling", plural is "die Flüchtlinge", article is "der"

Time & Frequency

• First is zuerst
• Once, twice, three times is einmal, zweimal, dreimal
• At least is mindestens
• About, approximately is ungefähr

Adjectives & Descriptive Words

• Fat, thick is dick
• Finished, ready is fertig
• Fresh, recent is frisch
• Healthy is gesund
• Expensive is teuer
• Right away, same is gleich
• Critical, crucial is kritisch
• Cultural is kulturell
• Complete(ly), entire(ly) is komplett
• Typical(ly) is typisch
• Different is unterschiedlich

Prepositions & Conjunctions

• Until is bis
• For that, for it is dafür
• Against that, by contrast is dagegen
• Through, by means of is durch
• For (+ accusative) is für
• Against (+ accusative) is gegen
• Without (+ accusative) is ohne
• Around, at (with time) is um
• Between (+ acc./dat.) is zwischen

Abstract & Conceptual Words

• Type, kind, sort is "die Art", plural: "die Arten", article: "die"
• Story, history is "die Geschichte", plural: "die Geschichten", article: "die"
• Possibility is "die Möglichkeit", plural: "die Möglichkeiten", article: "die"
• Problem is "das Problem", plural: "die Probleme", article: "das"
• Difference is "der Unterschied", plural: "die Unterschiede", article: "der"
• Part, section is "der Teil", plural: "die Teile", article: "der"
• Theme, topic is "das Thema", plural: "die Themen", article: "das"
• Goal is "das Ziel", plural: "die Ziele", article: "das"

"ei" Stem Change Verbs

• These verbs change "ei" in "du" and "er/sie/es" forms
• geben
  • Meaning: to give
  • Ich: gebe
  • Du: gibst
  • Er/Sie/Es: gibt
  • Wir: geben
  • Ihr: gebt
  • Sie/sie: geben
• nehmen
  • Meaning: to take
  • Ich: nehme
  • Du: nimmst
  • Er/Sie/Es: nimmt
  • Wir: nehmen
  • Ihr: nehmt
  • Sie/sie: nehmen
• sprechen
  • Meaning: to speak
  • Ich: spreche
  • Du: sprichst
  • Er/Sie/Es: spricht
  • Wir: sprechen
  • Ihr: sprecht
  • Sie/sie: sprechen
• vergessen
  • Meaning: to forget
  • Ich: vergesse
  • Du: vergisst
  • Er/Sie/Es: vergisst
  • Wir: vergessen
  • Ihr: vergesst
  • Sie/sie: vergessen

"e → ie" Stem Change Verbs

• These verbs change "e" to "ie" in "du" and "er/sie/es" forms
• sehen
  • Meaning: to see
  • Ich: sehe
  • Du: siehst
  • Er/Sie/Es: sieht
  • Wir: sehen
  • Ihr: seht
  • Sie/sie: sehen
• halten
  • Meaning: to hold, stop
  • Ich: halte
  • Du: hältst
  • Er/Sie/Es: hält
  • Wir: halten
  • Ihr: haltet
  • Sie/sie: halten

"a→ ä" Stem Change Verbs

• These verbs change "a" to "ä" in "du" and "er/sie/es" forms
• tragen
  • Meaning: to carry, wear
  • Ich: trage
  • Du: trägst
  • Er/Sie/Es: trägt
  • Wir: tragen
  • Ihr: tragt
  • Sie/sie: tragen
• schlafen
  • Meaning: to sleep
  • Ich: schlafe
  • Du: schläfst
  • Er/Sie/Es: schläft
  • Wir: schlafen
  • Ihr: schlaft
  • Sie/sie: schlafen
• laufen
  • Meaning: to run
  • Ich: laufe
  • Du: läufst
  • Er/Sie/Es: läuft
  • Wir: laufen
  • Ihr: lauft
  • Sie/sie: laufen

Completely Irregular (Mixed Patterns)

• "mögen" has a unique vowel shift in ich and du/er/sie/es forms
• mögen
  • Meaning: to like
  • Ich: mag
  • Du: magst
  • Er/Sie/Es: mag
  • Wir: mögen
  • Ihr: mögt
  • Sie/sie: mögen