German Foreign Policy and Security Concepts

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Questions and Answers

What defines transnational terrorism and provide an example?

Transnational terrorism is defined as terrorism that occurs across borders. An example is Al-Qaeda, which targets the U.S.A. to change the international order.

What characterizes a failing or fragile state?

A failing state is characterized by its inability to fulfill basic functions such as security, law and order, and social support due to corruption or political instability.

Explain the concept of a comprehensive security approach.

A comprehensive security approach considers not only military aspects but also political, environmental, economic, societal, and cultural factors on both domestic and international levels.

Differentiate between a refugee and an internally displaced person.

<p>A refugee is someone who flees conflict or persecution and crosses international borders, while an internally displaced person remains within their own country but is forced to leave their home.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does migration play in the context of security concerns?

<p>Migration can impact security concerns by contributing to instability in both home and host countries, as it may lead to social tensions and challenges in resource allocation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What roles do the Chancellor and Foreign Minister play in shaping German foreign policy?

<p>The Chancellor and Foreign Minister are key actors responsible for defining and implementing German foreign policy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary goals of German foreign policy?

<p>The primary goals include fostering peaceful relations, upholding human rights, and preventing aggression and conflict.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe one method Germany uses to achieve its foreign policy goals.

<p>Germany uses diplomacy as a primary method to achieve its foreign policy goals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Bundestag influence German foreign policy?

<p>The Bundestag oversees and approves international treaties and actions in German foreign policy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What constitutional articles underpin the legal basis of German foreign policy?

<p>Articles in the Grundgesetz address the avoidance of aggressive war and the respect for human rights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is structural violence and how does it manifest in society?

<p>Structural violence refers to discrimination and denial of opportunities that harm individuals or groups, manifesting as social inequalities and systemic injustices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Differentiate between positive peace and negative peace.

<p>Positive peace is defined by social justice and harmonious relationships, while negative peace is merely the absence of violent conflict.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the concept of comprehensive security and its relevance.

<p>Comprehensive security recognizes the interconnectedness of local, national, and international issues, emphasizing the need for a holistic approach to peace and security.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does diplomacy play in peace and security policy?

<p>Diplomacy involves negotiation to balance national interests with international cooperation, focusing on human rights and peaceful conflict resolution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do global challenges influence the pursuit of peace and security?

<p>Global challenges like environmental issues, migration, and poverty necessitate multilateral cooperation to achieve sustainable peace.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines hybrid threats in terms of their method of operation?

<p>Hybrid threats involve a combination of military, economic, and cyberattacks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it difficult to identify hybrid threats?

<p>The blurring lines between actions like war and non-war complicate clear identification.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some typical targets of hybrid threats?

<p>Targets include state institutions, critical infrastructure, and civilians.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do attackers benefit from anonymity in hybrid threats?

<p>Anonymity makes attribution difficult, allowing attackers to evade responsibility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What economic motivations might drive hybrid threats?

<p>Economic interests may include gaining control of resources or disrupting markets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can hybrid threats influence public opinion?

<p>They can employ propaganda and disinformation to destabilize and manipulate public perception.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one advantage of hybrid threats concerning accountability?

<p>Attackers can diffuse responsibility by blaming others, minimizing their own accountability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by the 'lower conflict threshold' in hybrid threats?

<p>It means that hybrid tactics can remain below the threshold typically associated with armed conflict.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do hybrid threats exploit democratic societies?

<p>They can weaken democratic societies by taking advantage of the freedom of expression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes the distinction between acts of war and hybrid threats ambiguous?

<p>The ambiguity of intent and gradual escalation of actions can blur this distinction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Transnational Terrorism

Terrorism that happens across countries.

Failing State

A country that can't do basic things like keep people safe or uphold the law.

Comprehensive Security

Looking at all kinds of security, not just the military.

Refugee

Someone leaving their country to escape danger or war.

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Internal Displacement

Leaving home inside your own country because of problems.

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Structural Violence

Harmful systems that discriminate, deny opportunities, or hurt people or groups.

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Positive Peace

A state of peace that goes beyond the absence of violence, including social justice, equality, and sustainable development.

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Negative Peace

The absence of violent conflict, but not necessarily the presence of justice or social harmony.

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Global Challenges

Problems that affect many countries and require international cooperation to solve, such as environmental degradation, poverty, and migration.

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German Foreign Policy Actors

Different parts of the German government involved in making foreign policy decisions, including the Chancellor, Foreign Minister, Bundestag, and President.

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German Foreign Policy Goals

Germany aims to maintain peaceful relationships with other countries, uphold human rights, and prevent conflict.

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German Foreign Policy Means

Methods used to achieve German foreign policy goals, including diplomacy, membership in organizations like the UN and EU, and potentially imposing sanctions.

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German Constitution and Foreign Policy

The German constitution (Grundgesetz) outlines principles guiding German foreign policy, such as avoiding war and upholding human rights.

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Bundestag's Role in Foreign Policy

The German parliament (Bundestag) has the power to oversee and approve international treaties and actions, ensuring democratic accountability in foreign policy.

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Hybrid threat

A strategy that combines military, economic, and cyber actions to achieve strategic goals. Often involves state and non-state actors blurring the lines between war and peace.

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Attribution

Identifying who is responsible for a particular action or attack.

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Cost-effectiveness

Achieving results with minimal resources. In this case, attackers use non-traditional methods to achieve strategic goals with lower costs than conventional military operations.

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Propaganda

Information used to promote a specific agenda or influence public opinion, often biased or misleading.

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Disinformation

False or misleading information spread intentionally to deceive people.

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Influence on public opinion

Hybrid threats can attempt to change public opinion and create social unrest to achieve specific goals.

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Obfuscation of intent

Making the attackers' goals unclear or hidden.

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Diffusion of responsibility

Spreading blame for actions so no one group is fully responsible.

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Lower conflict threshold

Using tactics that avoid full-scale war, giving attackers more flexibility.

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Ambiguity of intent

Uncertainty about whether an action is a hostile act or a threat.

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