Term 2

What type of geological structure is formed when sedimentary layers are deposited in a flat or nearly flat position?

How do hilly landscapes differ from basaltic plateaus?

Which factor significantly influences the development of hilly landscapes?

What plays a crucial role in the formation of prominent hills within hilly landscapes?

How are basaltic plateaus formed?

Which type of landscape is shaped by the resistance of the rocks to erosion and climate?

What is one of the human impacts mentioned in the text?

Which mitigation strategy aims to stabilize rock faces by mechanically reinforcing them?

What do drainage systems aim to reduce in slope materials?

Which natural event can lead to the formation of natural dams and lakes?

What do retaining walls provide to unstable slopes?

Why is understanding and implementing effective mitigation measures crucial according to the text?

What is a characteristic feature of granite domes?

What geological process leads to the formation of tors?

Which physiographic region in South Africa is characterized by grassland ecosystems?

What is a distinguishing feature of the Southwestern Cape Fold Belt Mountains in South Africa?

What type of slope curves outward, resembling the exterior of a sphere?

What is the characteristic appearance of Tors?

Which type of rock formation penetrates sedimentary layers and is gradually exposed due to erosion and weathering?

What is the primary factor contributing to the formation of granite domes and tors?

Which region in South Africa is known for its arid landscapes?

What contributes to the exposure of granite domes over time?

What type of intrusive body is characterized by being wall-like and cutting across existing strata vertically?

How are sills characterized among intrusive bodies?

What distinctive feature characterizes laccoliths among intrusive bodies?

Which type of intrusive body is known for creating a saucer-shaped intrusion by making the lower layer sink between sedimentary layers?

What is the primary role of granite domes in geological landscapes?

What is a key factor in the formation of tors?

How are massive igneous rocks primarily formed?

What differentiates igneous rocks from sedimentary rocks in terms of layering?

Why are batholiths considered significant in shaping the geological landscape?

What is the primary geological context in which tors are typically found?

What is the main characteristic of the Free Face on a hill?

Which slope element is located at the base of the Free Face?

What theory explains the widening of a Pediment over time?

Which event can destabilize a slope by eroding its base with waves or river action?

What type of mass movement involves individual rocks falling from steep slopes?

Which type of mass movement is characterized by rapid flows of mud in arid areas?

What is the primary influence on mass movement processes?

What process widens valleys through lateral erosion and weathering?

Which region is characterized by large areas covered with horizontal rock layers, often protected by a layer of resistant rock like dolerite?

What type of intrusive body is usually composed of granite?

Which landform is formed when resistant rock creates steep cliffs and less resistant layers form gentler slopes?

What is the primary reason the Karoo landscapes are generally not suitable for agriculture?

What is the main characteristic of massive igneous rocks formation?

Which process transforms plateaus into various landforms like mesas and buttes?

What plays a pivotal role in shaping landscapes associated with horizontally layered rocks?

What type of landscape is the Drakensberg in South Africa?

Why do canyons become popular tourist destinations?

What type of landscapes are characterized by gentle and rounded slopes due to high rainfall and mass wasting?

What influences the development of hilly landscapes by promoting chemical weathering?

What plays a crucial role in shaping basaltic plateaus over millions of years?

Which factor contributes significantly to the shaping of landscapes associated with horizontally layered rocks?

What is a defining characteristic of basaltic plateaus?

Which landscape type is shaped by a combination of the resistance of rocks to erosion, climate, and water action?

What is the primary focus of mass movement mitigation strategies mentioned in the text?

Which mitigation strategy aims to catch falling rocks or debris to protect infrastructure and people below?

What do drainage systems associated with mass movement mitigation aim to reduce in slope materials?

Which strategy provides physical support to unstable slopes, preventing their collapse?

How do rock bolts contribute to stabilizing mass movement-prone areas according to the text?

Why is understanding and implementing effective mitigation measures crucial according to the text?

Which type of landscape is characterized by large areas covered with horizontal layers of rock and often protected by a layer of resistant rock like dolerite?

What process gradually transforms the original plateau into various landforms, including mesas, buttes, and conical hills?

What is the primary difference between sedimentary rocks and massive igneous rocks in terms of formation?

Which natural process widens valleys through lateral erosion, mass movement, and weathering?

What is the primary reason why Karoo landscapes are generally unsuitable for agriculture?

Which landform illustrates the transition from mesas to conical hills in the Karoo region?

What is one of the key differences between resistant and less resistant rock layers in a canyon landscape?

Which geological process forms steep cliffs with resistant rock and gentler slopes with less resistant layers?

What role does climate play in shaping landscapes associated with horizontally layered rocks?

What distinguishes sills from pipes in terms of their formation?

What is the primary geological context in which granite domes typically form?

Which physiographic region in South Africa is characterized by its elevation and flatness?

What key factor contributes to the formation of Tors?

Which slope type curves outward, resembling the exterior of a sphere?

What is the primary role of granite domes in shaping landscapes according to the text?

What distinguishes laccoliths from lopoliths in terms of their shape?

How do sills differ from dykes in terms of their orientation?

What is the primary geological process responsible for the formation of tors?

How do granite domes typically become exposed at the surface?

What role does magma play in the formation of massive igneous rocks?

How do batholiths differ from laccoliths in terms of composition?

Which intrusive body type is characterized by a chimney-shaped structure?

What distinguishes dykes from sills in terms of their orientation?

How do granite domes differ from tors in terms of their appearance?

What is the primary factor that can lead to the destabilization of a slope by undercutting its base?

Which type of mass movement involves the imperceptibly slow downhill movement of soil?

What is the primary cause of rapid movements of earth or rock sliding down a slope in landslides?

Which mass movement type is characteristic of cold climates and involves the slow flow of water-saturated soil?

How does seismic activity primarily contribute to the destabilization of slopes?

What is the main characteristic feature of rock falls as a type of mass movement?

How do heavy rains primarily contribute to initiating mass movements?

What distinguishes mud flows among types of mass movement?

What primarily distinguishes hilly landscapes from basaltic plateaus?

Which factor significantly influences the development of landscapes associated with horizontally layered rocks?

How are canyon landscapes primarily shaped?

What distinguishes Karoo landscapes from basaltic plateaus?

What plays a crucial role in shaping basaltic plateaus over millions of years?

How does the resistance of rock layers contribute to the development of hilly landscapes?

What is the primary focus of mass movement mitigation strategies mentioned in the text?

How do safety nets and barriers contribute to reducing the impact of mass movement?

What purpose do drainage systems serve in relation to mass movement?

How do retaining walls contribute to mitigating the impact of mass movement?

What is the main function of rock bolts in the context of mass movement mitigation?

Why are ongoing research and adaptation crucial in addressing challenges posed by mass movement?

What process is instrumental in the development of distinctive landscapes such as those found in the Karoo region?

Which characteristic is NOT typically associated with Karoo landscapes?

What type of landform is likely to be formed as a result of scarp retreat over millions of years?

What distinguishes massive igneous rocks from sedimentary rocks in terms of their formation?

Which key factor determines the unique characteristics of landscapes associated with horizontally layered rocks?

How do canyon landscapes primarily develop?

What role does resistant rock play in the formation of canyon landscapes?

What plays a significant role in shaping the geological landscape by becoming visible after extensive erosion?

What characterizes a lopolith intrusion?

How do sills differ from dykes in their formation?

What is the primary role of laccoliths in geological formations?

How do granite domes typically become exposed at the surface?

What distinguishes batholiths from laccoliths in terms of composition?

Which process is attributed to the expansion of vertical and horizontal joints in rock formations?

Why are dykes considered distinct among intrusive bodies?

What distinguishes tors from granite domes?

What geologic process leads to the distinctive rock shapes that typify tors?

What is a key attribute that distinguishes pipes among intrusive bodies?

What is the primary process through which slopes widen over time, altering the landscape?

Which mass movement type involves the slow flow of water-saturated soil mainly in cold climates?

What event can significantly destabilize a slope by causing rapid movements of earth materials?

Which landform is primarily shaped by erosion from running water?

What type of mass movement involves the downward and outward rotational movement of slope material forming a concave-upward slip surface?

What process leads to the redistribution of materials from higher to lower elevations, contributing to natural erosion?

Which type of mass movement involves highly fluid, rapid flows of mud following intense rainfall?

What activity can increase the vulnerability of slopes, leading to mass movement?

What term refers to the almost vertical slope or cliff shaped mainly by mass movement?

What is the primary factor influencing the development of hilly landscapes associated with horizontally layered rocks?

How are basaltic plateaus primarily formed?

Which factor contributes significantly to the shaping of landscape associated with horizontally layered rocks?

What geological feature is a defining characteristic of hilly landscapes?

In the context of horizontally layered rocks, what role does climate play in the formation of landscapes?

What distinguishes basaltic plateaus from hilly landscapes?

What is the primary focus of mitigation strategies mentioned in the text?

How do safety nets and barriers contribute to mitigating the effects of mass movement?

Which mitigation measure aims to stabilize rock faces by mechanically reinforcing them?

Why are ongoing research and adaptation crucial in addressing challenges posed by mass movement?

What is the key purpose of retaining walls in the context of mass movement mitigation?

How do rock bolts contribute to minimizing the impact of mass movement?

How do canyon landscapes primarily develop?

What characteristic distinguishes Karoo landscapes in South Africa?

What is the primary factor contributing to the formation of mesas, buttes, and conical hills in Karoo landscapes?

What role does resistant rock play in the formation of canyons?

What geological feature characterizes the Drakensberg in South Africa?

How do massive igneous rocks primarily form?

What is the distinctive role of batholiths among intrusive bodies associated with massive igneous rocks?

How do granite domes and tors significantly influence landscape and geomorphology?

What type of slope is mainly shaped by mass movement and is too steep for loose material to accumulate?

Which phenomenon encompasses the downward and outward movement of soil, rock, and other debris on a slope?

Which event can lead to the destabilization of a slope material by saturating soils, reducing their internal cohesion, and increasing their weight?

What characterizes landslides among types of mass movement?

What impacts range from the redistribution of materials to economic losses and fatalities?

Which type of mass movement involves the slow flow of water-saturated soil over impermeable materials in cold climates?

How does the parallel slope retreat theory explain slope development over time?

What differentiates slumps among types of mass movement?

'Redistribution of materials from higher to lower elevations' is associated with which impact of mass movement?

What distinguishes lopoliths from laccoliths in terms of their shape?

How are sills different from dykes in terms of their orientation?

What is the distinctive feature of pipes among intrusive bodies?

How do granite domes typically become exposed at the surface?

Which process leads to the formation of granite domes from batholiths or laccoliths?

What primarily contributes to the unique formation of tors?

What role does erosion and weathering play in the exposure of granite domes?

What is a key differentiating factor between granite domes and tors?

What is the primary geological process that leads to the formation of granite domes?

What distinguishes sills from pipes in their formation?

What geological process leads to the distinctive rock shapes that typify tors?

What is the primary factor that can lead to the destabilization of a slope by undercutting its base?

What distinctive feature characterizes laccoliths among intrusive bodies?

What type of landscape is the Drakensberg in South Africa?

What is the primary geological process responsible for the formation of tors?

What do drainage systems aim to reduce in slope materials?

Which type of mass movement involves highly fluid, rapid flows of mud following intense rainfall?

What is the primary difference between sedimentary rocks and massive igneous rocks in terms of formation?