Geology Quiz: Earth's Layers and Tectonics
16 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What process involves the breaking down of rocks by chemical or physical means?

  • Convection
  • Erosion
  • Weathering (correct)
  • Deposition

Which layer of Earth is known to become denser as you go deeper?

  • Crust
  • Mantle (correct)
  • Outer Core
  • All of the above

Which type of boundary is characterized by two tectonic plates sliding against each other?

  • Static boundary
  • Divergent boundary
  • Convergent boundary
  • Transform boundary (correct)

What occurs when sediment particles are moved to a new location?

<p>Deposition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of rock is formed mainly from cooled magma?

<p>Igneous (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the law of superposition used to determine?

<p>The age of sedimentary rocks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant environmental impact is caused by human urbanization?

<p>Deforestation and ecosystem destruction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about electromagnetic waves is correct?

<p>Electromagnetic waves include both light and sound waves. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the movement of tectonic plates?

<p>Convection currents in the mantle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the characteristics of sedimentary rocks?

<p>Newer layers are deposited on top of older ones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which human activity has been linked to the process of desertification?

<p>Overuse of soil (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of boundary is responsible for creating sea trenches?

<p>Convergent boundary (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of weathering in the rock cycle?

<p>Breaking down rocks into smaller pieces (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which property of electromagnetic waves is defined as the height of the wave from its midpoint?

<p>Amplitude (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes erosion in the context of earth science?

<p>The movement of rocks and sediment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which geological process is most directly associated with the formation of mountains?

<p>Convergent plate boundaries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Layers of Earth

Different sections of the Earth, like the mantle and core, that get progressively denser.

Convection Currents

Heat moving within the mantle, causing the tectonic plates to move.

Types of Rocks

Metamorphic (pressure), Sedimentary (layers/superposition, newest on top), Igneous (heat/magma).

Law of Superposition

In sedimentary rock layers, the newest rock layers are on top.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Plate Tectonics

The theory that Earth's surface is made of slowly moving plates.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Plate Boundaries

Convergent (come together), Divergent (move apart), Transform (slide past).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Weathering

Breaking down rocks by chemical or physical processes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Human Impact (Environment)

Actions like urbanization, soil erosion, desertification, and ocean acidification.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Earth's Inner Layers

The layers of Earth (crust, mantle, outer core, inner core) become more dense as you go deeper. The core is mostly made of iron and nickel.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Tectonic Plate Movement

Tectonic plates move due to convection currents in the mantle. Hotter, less dense material rises, while cooler, denser material sinks.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Types of Rock Formation

Igneous rocks form from cooled magma or lava. Sedimentary rocks form from layers of sediment. Metamorphic rocks form when existing rocks are changed by heat and pressure.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are Transform Boundaries?

Transform boundaries occur when two tectonic plates slide past each other horizontally. This movement often causes earthquakes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Divergent Boundaries

Divergent boundaries occur when two tectonic plates move apart, creating new crust. This can form mid-ocean ridges and rift valleys.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Convergent Boundaries

Convergent boundaries occur when two tectonic plates collide. This can lead to mountain formation, volcanoes, and earthquakes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sea Trenches & Igneous Rock

Sea trenches, deep depressions in the ocean floor, are often formed at convergent boundaries. They are typically made of igneous rock due to volcanic activity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Earth's Layers and Rock Recycling

  • Earth's layers (mantle, core) become denser inward
  • Tectonic plates move due to convection currents in the mantle
  • Three rock types: metamorphic (pressure), sedimentary (layers), igneous (cooled magma)
  • Law of superposition: newer rocks are on top of older rocks in sedimentary layers

Weathering, Erosion, and Deposition

  • Weathering: breaking down rocks (chemical or physical)
  • Erosion: moving rocks and sediment
  • Deposition: sediment settling in a new location

Plate Tectonics

  • Plate tectonics: theory of moving plates over time
  • Supported by fossil evidence
  • Types of plate boundaries:
    • Transform: plates slide past each other (earthquakes)
    • Convergent: plates move together (mountains/volcanoes)
    • Divergent: plates move apart (sea trenches)
    • Igneous rock commonly forms in these areas.

Law of Superposition

  • Used for relative dating of rocks
  • Younger sedimentary rocks are on top of older ones

Human Impact

  • Greenhouse effect: natural process trapping heat
  • Human impact on natural environment:
    • Urbanization (destroys ecosystems)
    • Soil erosion
    • Desertification (fertile land into desert)
    • Ocean acidification

Electromagnetic Waves

  • Electromagnetic waves have both wavelength and amplitude
  • Order of speeds of waves: Vacuum > Air > Liquid > Solid (for light waves)
  • Sound travels fastest in solids
  • Light wavelengths (longest to shortest): Radio, Microwave, Infrared, Visible, Ultraviolet, X-Ray, Gamma

Refraction and Reflection

  • Refraction: light bends when passing through different mediums (can create illusions)
  • Reflection: light bounces off a surface
    • A color is reflected depending on the object (if all reflected : white, if no color: black)

Energy and Heat

  • Energy: the ability to do work (potential and kinetic)
  • Heat: transfer of energy from hot to cold (until thermal equilibrium)

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Notes on Earth Layers and Recycling of Rocks

Description

Test your knowledge on Earth's layers, rock types, and the processes of weathering, erosion, and deposition. This quiz covers key concepts such as plate tectonics and the law of superposition, providing a comprehensive look at geological processes. Perfect for students studying geology or earth sciences.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser