Notes on Earth Layers and Recycling of Rocks

Notes ===== THE Layers of earth and the recycling of rocks The layers of earths such as the mantle and the core get denser as you get denser in the earth.The tectonic plates are moved by the convection currents in the mantle. The three types of rocks are metamorphic which forms from pressure. Sedi...

Notes ===== THE Layers of earth and the recycling of rocks The layers of earths such as the mantle and the core get denser as you get denser in the earth.The tectonic plates are moved by the convection currents in the mantle. The three types of rocks are metamorphic which forms from pressure. Sedimentary and because of the law of superposition the newest rocks are on top the other one is igneous usually from heat or cooled magma. In convection currents heat rises and cool rocks fall. The rocks from the begging of earth is not the same as te rocks have changed them Weathering, Erosion, and Deposition Weathering is the breaking down of rocks by chemical or physical means. Erosion is the movement of rocks and sediment by various sources. Deposition is when sediment particles are moved to a new location. Plate Tectonics The theory of plate tectonics is that tectonic plates have moved over time; this is supported by fossil evidence. Transform is when 2 plates slide against each other vertically. When they go together it is called convergent and when they go away from each other it is called a divergent boundary. Transform boundaries make earthquakes convergent, creating mountains and volcanoes, and divergent boundaries create sea trenches. Sea trenches are usually made of igneous rock. Law of superposition When there is sedimentary rock the layers on top are the newest This is used to do relative dating which is when you compare the age of a rock using the law of superposition. Human Impact Greenhouse effects is a natural process in which carbon dioxide and other gases keep the heat in on earth. One of the main impacts that humanity has on the natural environment is urbanization. When people start building cities which chop down trees and destroy ecosystems another thing is soil erosion which after years of human farming destroys soil and therefore ecosystems of plants and animals. Another one is desertification where droughts and overuse of soil turn fertile land into desert. There is also ocean acid where the ocean is now too acidic. Electromagnetic Waves Electromagnetic waves are waves with both Light waves and sound waves the wavelength is how long the wave is. The crest is the peak and the trough is the bottom. The amplitude is how high or low the wave is from its midpoint in height. The order of light wave speed is from fastest to slowest as specified Vacuum, Air, Liquid, Solid. For sound waves from fastest to slowest it is as follows: solid, liquid, air. Sound Cannot travel through a vacuum. Now the light wavelengths from longest to shortest are radio, Microwave, Infrared, Visible, Ultraviolet, X Ray, Gamma ray. The frequency is how many waves per second Refraction and Reflection When a light enters a new medium and gets distorted this can often lead to illusions. when something has a color it is reflecting that color if it reflects no color it is black but if it reflects all colors its white Energy Energy is the ability to do work. It cannot be created or destroyed. There are two types of mechanical energy potential (stored) and kinetic (moving). Heat Heat is not the same thing as temperature. Heat is the transfer of hot to cold, not cold to hot. It does this until it reaches the thermal equilibrium which means equal heat.