Geology Faults and Earthquakes Quiz

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What characterizes a reverse fault?

The blocks move apart creating tension.

Two blocks slide past each other horizontally.

The upper block moves down relative to the lower block.

The upper block moves up and over the lower block. (correct)

In a left lateral strike-slip fault, which block moves toward the viewer?

Both blocks move toward the viewer.

Neither block moves toward the viewer.

The left block moves toward the viewer. (correct)

The right block moves toward the viewer.

What type of motion defines a strike-slip fault?

Blocks moving vertically and horizontally.

Blocks sliding past each other horizontally. (correct)

Blocks moving apart vertically.

Blocks rising and falling alternatively.

Which of the following is true about all strike-slip faults?

They involve vertical or nearly vertical fractures. Signup and view all the answers

What type of fault is characterized by the upper block moving down relative to the lower block?

Normal fault Signup and view all the answers

What typically triggers an earthquake?

Movement of rock beneath Earth's surface Signup and view all the answers

What are P waves also known as?

Longitudinal waves Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic makes P waves different from other seismic waves?

They arrive at distant points before other waves. Signup and view all the answers

What is a result of the pressure build-up in the rock beneath the Earth's surface?

Release of energy in the form of waves Signup and view all the answers

What does the Greek word 'seismos' translate to in English?

Earthquake Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action that occurs during compression stress?

Rocks push or squeeze against one another. Signup and view all the answers

What happens during tension stress?

The rocks pull apart or move farther in different directions. Signup and view all the answers

Shear stress is characterized by which of the following?

A force pushing crust in different directions. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes confining stress?

Uniform stress applied to all sides of the crust. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of stress is most likely to lead to the creation of faults in the crust?

Shear stress, due to opposite movement of plates. Signup and view all the answers

What triggers an earthquake to occur?

Sudden slip on a fault due to overcome friction Signup and view all the answers

What role does friction play in the process of generating earthquakes?

It allows a gradual buildup of stress without movement Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fault results in the block above the fault moving downward relative to the block below?

Normal fault Signup and view all the answers

How do seismic waves contribute to the experience of an earthquake?

They travel through the earth's interior and crust, causing shaking Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the stress on a fault overcomes friction?

The fault slips, leading to an earthquake Signup and view all the answers

What do seismic waves primarily consist of?

Compressions and refractions Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the Earth is located above the mantle?

Crust Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of P waves?

They travel through solid and liquid materials. Signup and view all the answers

How do seismic waves affect the ground as they move through it?

They compress and expand the ground like a spring. Signup and view all the answers

What direction do seismic waves propagate from the earthquake's focus?

In all directions Signup and view all the answers

Which type of seismic wave causes the ground to move both horizontally and vertically?

Rayleigh Waves Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of S waves compared to P waves?

S waves can only travel through solids. Signup and view all the answers

Which seismic wave type is considered the slowest, but the most destructive?

Surface Waves Signup and view all the answers

How do seismic waves travel through different materials?

P waves travel faster through denser materials, while S waves travel only through solids. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the movement caused by P waves?

Causes the ground to move up and down. Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected year of the next appearance of Comet Halley?

2062 Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the orbits of asteroids from those of comets?

Asteroids have more circular orbits. Signup and view all the answers

Which asteroid made a close approach to Earth in February 2013?

Asteroid 2012 DA14 Signup and view all the answers

What was the first recorded observation of Comet Halley?

1682 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary location of most asteroids within our solar system?

In the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum water temperature required for tropical cyclone formation near the Philippines?

26.5°C Signup and view all the answers

In which direction do tropical cyclones typically move?

Northwest Signup and view all the answers

What happens to tropical cyclones when they reach land?

They lose energy. Signup and view all the answers

Where do tropical cyclones primarily develop?

Over warm ocean waters near the equator Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the Philippines and tropical cyclones is true?

Four tropical cyclones commonly hit the northern part of the Philippines. Signup and view all the answers

What type of seismic waves are known as S waves?

Transverse waves that cause particles to move at right angles Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding P waves?

P waves travel through solids, liquids, and gases. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to S waves when they encounter Earth's liquid core?

They cannot pass through and are stopped. Signup and view all the answers

What describes the particle movement in primary waves?

Particles compress and stretch in the direction of the wave. Signup and view all the answers

How are the paths of seismic waves affected by density changes in the Earth?

Signup and view all the answers

What occurs at the eye of a tropical cyclone?

The pressure is lowest. Signup and view all the answers

What causes the surrounding air to blow toward the eye of a tropical cyclone?

A decrease in surrounding pressure. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can be observed in a barometer as a tropical cyclone approaches?

The pressure reading gradually decreases. Signup and view all the answers

Which phenomenon is most directly responsible for the air movements in a tropical cyclone?

Pressure gradients. Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about wind speeds as one approaches the eye of a tropical cyclone?

Wind speeds increase dramatically. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes Secondary Waves (S waves) in contrast to Primary Waves (P waves)?

S waves cause particle movement at right angles to the wave direction. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the travel capability of P waves?

P waves can travel through both solids and liquids. Signup and view all the answers

How do the movements of particles differ between S waves and P waves?

Particles in P waves compress and stretch in the direction of the wave. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to S waves when they encounter the liquid outer core of the Earth?

S waves are absorbed completely and stop. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the characteristics of transverse waves?

Transverse waves have crests and troughs. Signup and view all the answers