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Questions and Answers
What does stress refer to in the context of geology?
Which type of stress results in the creation of ocean trenches and mountain ranges?
What is a monocline?
Which geological feature is primarily created by tensional stress?
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What defines plastic deformation in rocks?
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Shear stress results from which type of movement between rock blocks?
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Which landforms are associated with compressional stress?
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What happens to rocks when they experience elastic deformation?
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Study Notes
Stress
- Stress is the force per unit area on a rock
- Stress causes changes in shape, deformation, or strain
- Stress depends on the type of rock and the surrounding temperature and pressure conditions
Deformation
- Strain is the rocks response to stress (deformation)
- Elastic deformation is reversible (rock returns to original shape)
- Plastic deformation is permanent (rock does not return to original shape)
Compressional Stress
- Squeezes rocks together
- Occurs at convergent plate boundaries (tectonic plates plowing into each other)
- Powerful earthquakes occur in these areas
- Chile: Nazca and South America plate
- Japan: Eurasian plate and Philippine plates
- Rocks deforming plastically can crumble into folds
- Creates Ocean Trenches and Mountain ranges
Three Types of Folding
- Monoclines are step-like folds in rock strata with a zone of steeper dip within an otherwise horizontal or gently dipping sequence.
- Anticlines are arch-like shaped folds formed by the folding of rock strata
- Synclines are trough-like folds with beds that dip towards the fold's central axis
Tensional Stress
- Extensional stress stretches and pulls rocks apart
- Occurs along divergent plate boundaries (tectonic plates tearing from one another)
- Creates Continental Rifts and Mid-ocean Ridges
Shear Stress
- Two blocks of rocks pushing in opposite directions causes rocks to slide against each other
- Results in faults and fault zones
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Description
Explore the concepts of stress and deformation in geology with this quiz. Learn about the effects of stress on rocks, including elastic and plastic deformation, and discover the types of folding in rock formations. Test your knowledge on how these processes shape our planet's geology.
