Geology: Weathering and Deformation of Rocks

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Questions and Answers

What type of weathering is primarily caused by living organisms?

Mechanical Weathering

Biological Weathering (correct)

Chemical Weathering

Physical Weathering

Which of the following rocks is likely to weather the slowest?

Marble

Limestone

Sandstone

Igneous rock (correct)

What is the result when air pollutants like nitrogen oxide and sulfur dioxide combine with sunlight and moisture?

Ozone depletion

Fossil fuel emissions

Acid rain (correct)

Dust storms

What are rocks primarily composed of?

Collections of minerals and mineraloids Signup and view all the answers

What type of stress is described as pulling rock apart or stretching it?

Tensional Stress Signup and view all the answers

How does climate influence the rate of weathering?

Warm, tropical climates experience more precipitation which speeds up weathering Signup and view all the answers

Which type of deformation returns to its original shape after the stress is removed?

Elastic Deformation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about acid rain is true?

It significantly wears down limestone and marble. Signup and view all the answers

What is erosion in relation to weathering?

Erosion is the process that transports the bits of rock after weathering. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of stress occurs at convergent plate boundaries?

Compressional Stress Signup and view all the answers

What process is responsible for the disintegration of rocks due to human activities?

Anthropogenic Weathering Signup and view all the answers

What happens to rocks under shear stress?

They slide past each other Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding ductile deformation?

The strain results in a permanent change in shape Signup and view all the answers

Which combination of factors can speed up weathering?

Air pollution and high moisture levels Signup and view all the answers

How did tension stress contribute to the formation of continents?

By causing Pangaea to divide into separate continents Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a process that changes rocks?

Heating with fire Signup and view all the answers

What role does weathering play in the formation of geologic features?

It leads to the continuous destruction of rocks and landforms. Signup and view all the answers

How do rocks react under compression stress?

They may deform and change their physical characteristics. Signup and view all the answers

What is one primary cause of metamorphism in rocks?

Changes in temperature and pressure. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the weathering process?

Weathering is an essential process for the continuous alteration of Earth. Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected outcome when rocks undergo shearing stress?

They may distort or change shape without breaking. Signup and view all the answers

What impact does human activity have on rock preservation?

It often leads to the destruction of rocks. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of stress specifically involves pulling apart rocks?

Tensile stress. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the mineral composition of rocks during metamorphism?

It can undergo significant alterations. Signup and view all the answers

Which metamorphic rock represents the highest grade among the rocks listed?

Gneiss Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that causes the increase in metamorphic grade?

Temperature and pressure Signup and view all the answers

How do the characteristics of rocks change as their metamorphic grade increases?

They become more changed from their original form. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following rocks is the least metamorphosed?

Slate Signup and view all the answers

What role does pressure play in the formation of metamorphic rocks?

It alters the mineral structure. Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is most likely to be associated with schist compared to slate?

Higher crystalline content Signup and view all the answers

In increasing order of metamorphic grade, which sequence is correct?

Slate, Phyllite, Schist, Gneiss Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes gneiss from other metamorphic rocks?

It displays foliation and banding. Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary agents of weathering that affect the landscape?

Water, ice, acids, plants, and animals Signup and view all the answers

Which geologic processes are responsible for the continuous alteration in the earth's form and shape?

Metamorphism and stress from temperature and pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the disclaimer provided in the content?

To inform about copyright restrictions and usage rights Signup and view all the answers

Which quality assurance team includes both Joan Y. Bubuli and Lielin A. De La Zerna?

Quality Assurance Team Alpha Signup and view all the answers

What are the qualifications of Maria Amelia Lasmarias as per the content?

Bachelor of Science in Nursing and Education units Signup and view all the answers

In what capacity is Maria Amelia Lasmarias currently involved in education?

Senior High School teacher Signup and view all the answers

What does the process of weathering primarily lead to in an ecosystem?

Destruction of landscape and significant changes Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the members listed in the quality assurance teams?

To ensure the quality and accuracy of educational materials Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Weathering

Weathering is the breaking down of rocks and minerals on the Earth's surface.
Weathering agents include water, ice, acids, plants, animals and changes in temperature.
Weathering can be destructive and leads to significant changes in the landscape and ecosystems
Human activities can speed up weathering.
Certain air pollutants like nitrogen oxide and sulfur dioxide can cause acid rain, which accelerates weathering of rocks.

Deformation of Rocks

Stress is the force applied to an object.
In geology, stress is the force per unit area applied to a rock.
When rocks deform, they are said to strain.
Strain is a change in size, shape, or volume of a material.

Types of Stress

Tensional Stress: Pulls rock apart or stretches it.
Compressional Stress: Pushes or squeezes rocks together.
Shear Stress: Causes two planes of material to slide past each other.

Stages of Deformation

Elastic Deformation: Causes temporary strain that is reversed when the stress is removed.
Ductile Deformation: Causes irreversible changes in shape or size, even after the stress is removed.

Metamorphism

Metamorphism is the change in the mineral and textural composition of rocks due to changes in pressure and temperature.
The higher the metamorphic grade, the more significant the change in the rock from its original form.

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Description

This quiz explores the processes of weathering and deformation of rocks, detailing the agents of weathering, types of stress, and stages of deformation. Learn how various forces impact the structure of rocks and the consequences of human activities on geological processes.