Geography Unit 1: Landforms and Landscapes

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a cause of urbanisation?

  • Job opportunities (correct)
  • Reduced housing availability
  • Decreased transportation options
  • Limited healthcare access

Urban sprawl refers to the concentration of development in urban areas.

False (B)

What significant change occurred in Dubai after the discovery of oil?

Rapid economic growth and development of modern infrastructure.

Urbanisation results in an increase of population living in __________ areas compared to rural areas.

<p>urban</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the time periods with their characteristics in Dubai's urban development:

<p>Pre-1960s = Small fishing and trading port with low population 1960s-1980s = Rapid growth after the discovery of oil 1990s-Present = Transformed into a global financial hub 2000s = Construction of iconic buildings like Burj Khalifa</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'B' in BOLTSS stand for?

<p>Border (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A landscape includes a single landform.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the process of subduction?

<p>An oceanic plate is forced under a continental plate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The theory that explains the creation of major landforms due to subterranean movements is called __________.

<p>plate tectonics</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following landforms with their descriptions:

<p>Mountains = High elevated landforms that rise prominently Valleys = Low areas between hills or mountains Plains = Flat and level lands with few trees Deserts = Arid regions with little rainfall</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a convergent plate boundary?

<p>Himalayan Mountains (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Nazca plate subducts under the South American Plate, causing frequent earthquakes in Chile.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one iconic landform mentioned in the content.

<p>Uluru</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Urbanisation

The increase of population in urban areas (cities and towns) compared to rural areas.

Urban Sprawl

The spread of urban development onto undeveloped land.

Industrialization

The process of developing industries.

Suburbs

Residential areas outside the central city.

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Job Opportunities

Reasons people move to cities for better employment.

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Better Services

Easier access to healthcare, education, and infrastructure in urban areas.

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Rural-to-Urban Migration

The movement of people from rural areas to cities.

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Economic Growth

Businesses and investments occurring in cities, leading to more jobs and growth.

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Landform

A natural physical feature on Earth's surface, shaped by processes like erosion, weathering, and tectonic activity.

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Landscape

The visible features of an area of land, encompassing various landforms.

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Plate Tectonics

A scientific theory explaining how Earth's major landforms form due to the movement of tectonic plates.

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Divergent Plate Boundary

Boundary where tectonic plates move apart.

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Convergent Plate Boundary

Boundary where tectonic plates move towards each other.

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Subduction

A geological process where one tectonic plate slides beneath another into the Earth's mantle.

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Volcanic Eruption

The release of magma and gases from inside the Earth's crust, often creating a volcano.

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Earthquake

A sudden shaking of the ground caused by the movement of tectonic plates.

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Transform Plate Boundary

Boundary where plates slide past each other horizontally.

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Tectonic Plates

Large, moving pieces of the Earth's lithosphere.

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Study Notes

General Geographical Information

  • Australian map: Shows state/territory names and capital cities, surrounding oceans, and iconic landforms (GBR, Uluru).

Unit 1 - Landforms and Landscapes

  • Landforms: Natural physical features of Earth's surface (e.g., mountains, valleys, hills, plains, deserts, volcanoes) shaped by erosion, weathering, and tectonic activity.
  • Landscapes: Visible features of an area including various landforms (e.g., coastal, mountain, desert, rural, urban).
  • Plate Tectonics: A scientific theory explaining landform creation due to Earth's subterranean movements.
  • Plate Boundaries:
  • Divergent: Plates move apart.
  • Convergent: Plates move together, one possibly subducting (forced under the other).
  • Transform: Plates move side-by-side.
  • Collision: Two continental plates collide.
  • Convergent Plates Details:
  • One plate forced beneath the other (subduction).
  • This process creates volcanoes, earthquakes.

Unit 2 - Urbanisation

  • Urbanisation: Increase in population living in urban areas compared to rural areas.
  • Urban Sprawl: Spreading of urban development onto undeveloped or natural land.
  • Urban Development Over Time: Initial development with industrialization, suburban expansion, and now incorporating technology.
  • Example Dubai: A small fishing port transformed into a global financial and business hub through oil discovery and infrastructure development.
  • Causes of Urbanisation:
  • Job opportunities in industries, services, and business.
  • Better healthcare, education, and infrastructure.
  • Access to better housing, transportation, and entertainment.
  • Migration from rural areas for better living standards.
  • Economic growth attracting investments and businesses.

MEDCs and LEDCs

  • MEDCs (More Economically Developed Countries): Wealthier, industrialized nations with high standards of living (e.g., USA, Japan, Germany, UK).
  • LEDCs (Less Economically Developed Countries): Poorer, less industrialized nations with lower standards of living (e.g., locations in Africa, Asia).
  • MEDC/LEDC Characteristics: High/low income, advanced/limited infrastructure, low/high birth and death rates, low/high life expectancy.
  • Rural Population: Limited access to healthcare and technology.

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