Geography Study Notes
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Questions and Answers

What defines an ore?

  • Rock that contains enough of a valuable metallic mineral to make mining profitable (correct)
  • A gemstone found in underground mines
  • A mineral that has no economic value
  • A type of soil enriched with minerals

Which mining method is known for having the most severe environmental impact?

  • Strip mining (correct)
  • Underground mining
  • Shaft mining
  • Open-pit mining

What is the primary characteristic of open-pit mining compared to strip mining?

  • It is used for deeper minerals but still close to the surface. (correct)
  • It exclusively extracts coal deposits.
  • It involves horizontal shafts instead of vertical shafts.
  • It is cheaper and less environmentally damaging.

Which of the following mining methods can potentially reach depths of over 3000 meters?

<p>Underground mining (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common step in both strip mining and open-pit mining?

<p>Removal of overburden (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a higher Growing Degree Days (GDD)?

<p>It allows a wider range of crops to be grown. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of land quality has no limitations for agriculture?

<p>Class 1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of intensive farming?

<p>It yields products for nearby populations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is commercial fishing significant in Canada?

<p>It is the oldest industry in Canada. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the division in the Canadian Land Inventory indicate?

<p>The quality and capability of land for agriculture. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following fish are classified as groundfish?

<p>Pollock (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of extensive farming?

<p>Minimal labor input with large land use. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines old-growth forests?

<p>Forests that have never been logged. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main factors that influence demand related to resource consumption?

<p>Population growth, economic growth rate, and lack of behavioral changes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is hydraulic fracturing commonly referred to as?

<p>Fracking (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a disadvantage of fracking?

<p>Greater demand for imports (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered an advantage of fracking in terms of environmental impact?

<p>Less carbon emitted compared to coal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of minerals do NOT change form when melted?

<p>Non-metallic minerals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT typically associated with the production of fertilizers?

<p>Barium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is bioenergy primarily generated from?

<p>Burning biomass and biogas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mineral typically comes from igneous or metamorphic rocks?

<p>Metallic minerals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to air temperature as elevation increases?

<p>It decreases by 1.0°C for every 100m in altitude. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor primarily determines the amount of precipitation an area receives?

<p>The shape of the surface of the land. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a maritime climate compared to a continental climate?

<p>Maritime climates have high precipitation and mild seasonal temperatures. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does air cool when expanding without condensation?

<p>It cools by 1.0°C for every 100m of elevation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the rain shadow effect?

<p>It describes the dry conditions on the leeward side of mountains. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the annual temperature range defined?

<p>The difference between the temperature of the warmest month and the coldest month. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What environmental characteristic would you expect in regions classified as modified continental climates?

<p>Moderated temperatures with some maritime influence. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do winds play in weather patterns?

<p>They help move air and temperatures from one location to another. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of an ecosystem?

<p>It is a community of living things and their physical environment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes relative location?

<p>It's the location of a place in relation to other geographic features. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the geographic concept of 'spatial significance' refer to?

<p>The importance of a particular location in relation to geographic features. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a map legend?

<p>To explain the symbols used on the map. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which question addresses the reasons why something is located in a particular place?

<p>Why there? (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes primary sources from secondary sources?

<p>Primary sources consist of firsthand accounts while secondary sources interpret or analyze those accounts. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In geography, what does the term 'trend' refer to?

<p>A noticeable change in a pattern over time. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes geographic inquiry?

<p>An active, questioning approach to understanding geographic phenomena. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a thematic map?

<p>To display specific information about a particular topic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which map type provides an accurate representation of area size but distorts shape?

<p>Equal-Area Map (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does subduction occur in plate tectonics?

<p>One plate slides beneath another (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What evidence supports the theory of continental drift?

<p>Similar fossils found on distant continents (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following maps would have a 1:250,000 scale ratio?

<p>Small-scale map (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors significantly influence rural settlement patterns?

<p>Natural resources and transportation methods (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a dispersed population?

<p>Population evenly spread across an area (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a mid-ocean ridge?

<p>A feature created by the divergence of two tectonic plates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of the Winkel Tripel projection is notable?

<p>It balances size, shape, distance, and direction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these terms best defines the theory of plate tectonics?

<p>The concept of Earth's crust being made of moving plates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Geography

The study of the Earth and how people interact with it.

Ecosystem

A group of living things and their physical surroundings.

Relative Location

Describes a location based on its relationship to other places.

Absolute Location

Describes a location using latitude and longitude.

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Spatial Significance

The importance of a particular location in geography.

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Pattern

A recognizable arrangement of objects on the Earth's surface.

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Trend

A change in a pattern over time.

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Geographic Perspective

Looking at the world through a lens that includes political, environmental, and social factors.

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Equal-Area Map

A map that accurately represents the size of land masses, but may distort their shape.

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Subduction

The process where one tectonic plate slides beneath another.

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Map

A representation of Earth's features drawn on a flat surface.

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Dispersed Population

A population spread evenly across land, often seen in agricultural areas.

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Survey System

A grid system used to locate and identify parcels of land and roads.

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Thematic Map

A map that shows specific information about a particular topic.

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General Purpose Map

A map that shows many types of information, such as bodies of water and roads.

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Large-scale Map

A map that shows large amounts of detail in a small area.

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Winkel Tripel Projection

A map that distorts the size of land masses to show accurate distances and directions.

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Tsunami

A set of large ocean waves caused by an earthquake or other powerful disturbance under the sea.

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What is an 'Ore'?

Rock containing enough of a valuable metallic mineral to make mining profitable.

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What is a 'Mineral Reserve'?

A mineral deposit that can be extracted profitably.

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What is 'Strip Mining'?

The cheapest mining method, suitable for minerals close to the surface. It involves removing the top layer of soil and rock.

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What is 'Open-Pit Mining'?

Used for minerals deeper than strip mining, but still close to the surface. It requires removing a larger area of overburden.

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What is 'Underground Mining'?

The most expensive mining method, used for minerals deep underground. It involves digging shafts and tunnels.

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Westerlies

The pattern of air movement from west to east, bringing weather changes and air masses.

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Elevation and Temperature

The change in air temperature with increasing altitude. Colder temperatures at higher altitudes are due to less atmospheric pressure, causing air expansion and cooling.

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Adiabatic Cooling

The rate of cooling of air as it rises without condensation, about 1.0°C for every 100 meters.

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Relief and Precipitation

The shape of the Earth's surface, influencing precipitation patterns. Areas on the windward side of a hill receive more rain/snow than the leeward side.

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Rain Shadow

The leeward side of a hill or mountain range, experiencing a rain shadow effect, receiving less precipitation compared to the windward side.

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Maritime Climate

Areas close to large bodies of water experience a maritime climate with smaller temperature ranges and higher precipitation. Winters are mild, and summers are cool.

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Continental Climate

Areas far from large bodies of water experience a continental climate with larger temperature ranges and lower precipitation. They experience extreme temperatures due to land heating and cooling faster than water.

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Modified Continental Climate

Areas distant from oceans but still influenced by their proximity, experiencing moderate temperatures and some moisture due to their position.

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What is fracking?

The process of injecting a mixture of water, sand, and chemicals into a well to break up shale layers and release trapped natural gas or oil.

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What are non-renewable energy sources?

Energy sources that are finite and cannot be renewed at a rate comparable to their consumption, such as fossil fuels.

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What are renewable energy sources?

Energy sources that are naturally replenished over a relatively short period, such as solar, wind, and hydro power.

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What is bioenergy?

Electricity generated from burning biomass (wood or plant products, garbage) or biogas (produced in landfills and sewage treatment plants).

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What is a mineral?

A naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a specific chemical formula, that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition.

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What are metallic minerals?

Minerals containing metals, often found in metamorphic or igneous rocks.

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What are non-metallic minerals?

Minerals without metals, often found in sedimentary rocks.

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What are the main components of fertilizers?

These are the key components of fertilizers, essential for plant growth.

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Growing Degree Days (GDD)

A measure of the amount of heat accumulated over time, crucial for plant growth and determining suitable crops.

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Canadian Land Inventory (CLI)

A classification system created by the Canadian government in the 1960s to assess land suitability for agriculture.

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Intensive Farming

Farming practices that utilize intensive labor on small land areas, often near urban centers, producing crops for local consumption.

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Extensive Farming

Farming practices that use extensive land areas with minimal labor, typically producing crops for export.

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Old-growth forests

Forests that have never been subjected to logging, representing a pristine state of natural growth and biodiversity.

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Aquaculture

The practice of cultivating fish in controlled environments, such as ponds or cages.

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Groundfish

Fish species that are typically caught close to the ocean floor, often in colder, deeper waters.

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Pelagic fish

Fish species that are typically caught near the surface of the ocean, often in warmer, sunlit waters.

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Study Notes

Geography Study Notes

  • Geography is the study of Earth and the relationship between people and their environment.
  • An ecosystem is a community of living organisms and the physical environment in which they live.
  •  Relative location describes something's position in relation to other geographic features.
  • Absolute location describes something's position in terms of latitude and longitude.
  • Important geographic concepts include interrelationships, spatial significance, patterns, and trends.
  • Useful geographic inquiry tools include field studies, primary and secondary sources, visuals, and community resources.
  • Geotechnology employs advanced technology to study geography, such as GPS to determine location data and GIS to manage and analyze geographic information.
  • Remote sensing involves observing or measuring something from a distance, often using satellites or other technology.
  • Telematics involves long-distance digital information transmission.
  • Population density is measured by population divided by square kilometer.
  • Census Metropolitan Areas (CMAs) are urban areas in Canada with a population over 100,000.
  • A typical community shares common characteristics in history, culture, beliefs, space, and living,
  • A Continuous ecumene is a part of the country where settlement is continuous.
  •  A Discontinuous ecumene is a part of the country where settlement is in patches.
  • Fields of geography include physical, urban, social, and environmental studies
  • Various factors affect rural settlement, including natural resources and transportation methods.
  • Maps are representations of Earth's features on a flat surface.
  • Common map projections include Mercator and Winkel Tripel.
  • Map projections distort size, shape, distance, and direction.
  • Different types of maps are used to represent information, such as general purpose, thematic, large and small scale maps
  • Plate tectonics is a theory explaining the Earth's lithosphere as comprising separate plates that move.
  • Plate movement causes earthquakes, volcanoes, mountains, and changes in the crust.
  • Types of plate movement include divergent, convergent, and transform boundaries.
  •  Igneous rocks form when magma or lava cools.
  • Sedimentary rocks are formed from compaction and cementation of loose sediment.
  • Metamorphic rocks are changed versions of igneous, sedimentary, or other metamorphic rocks.
  • Weathering is the breaking down of rocks by physical, biological, and chemical processes.
  • Erosion is the transportation of weathered material by wind, water, or ice.
  • Soils are composed of minerals, organic matter, air, and water.
  • Important components in soil include minerals, bacteria/organic matter, air & moisture.
  •  Different soil types exist, including Tundra, Deciduous, and Mixed soils, based on climate.
  • Effective resource management involves using resources in a sustainable way.

Canada's natural resources, industries and how they are managed

  • Resources include renewable (can regenerate) and non-renewable resources (limited) resources, flow resources (constantly developed by nature)
  • Other resources include the Northern Lights and the Rocky Mountains, which are not fit into 3 previous categories
  • Different methods of resource extraction, such as mining or fishing.
  • Various types of manufacturing processes, some based on knowledge and skill, or resource based.
  • Sustainable management of resources prioritizes careful resource utilization for sustained long-term yield harvest.
  • The impact of human influences on the environment should be considered alongside the economic benefits.
  • Important factors that should be taken into account when deciding if an economic strategy is sustainable in nature.

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Geography Notes PDF

Description

Explore the fundamental concepts of geography, including the relationships between people and their environment. This quiz covers key topics like ecosystems, location types, geographic inquiry tools, and advanced geotechnologies. Test your understanding of how geography impacts our world.

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