Geography of Pakistan: Maps and Features
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Questions and Answers

What is the highest peak of the Safed Koh range?

  • Takht-i-Sulaiman
  • Sikeram (correct)
  • Bannu Peak
  • Kirthar Summit

    • Which of the following mountain ranges is located toward the west of the river Indus?

  • Waziristan Hills
  • Safed Koh
  • Sulaiman Range
  • Kirthar Range (correct)

    • What is a major challenge faced in developing infrastructure in the western mountains region?

  • Abundant vegetation
  • Lack of mineral resources
  • Steep mountainous landscape (correct)
  • High population density

    • Which range has the highest average height?

    <p>Karakoram Range</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How high does the Kirthar Range rise?

    <p>2174 meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the highest peak of the Hindu Kush range?

    <p>Trich Mir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mineral deposits are primarily found in the Sulaiman Range?

    <p>Limestone and Sandstone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which valley is indicated as one of the most populated areas in the western mountains?

    <p>Bannu</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mountain range runs in an east-west direction?

    <p>Karakoram Range</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Safed Koh range primarily serves as a barrier between which two regions?

    <p>Pakistan and Afghanistan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is a characteristic of the Lesser Himalayas?

    <p>Average height ranges from 1800 to 4500 meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is NOT included in the three sub-parallel ranges of the Himalayas?

    <p>Karakoram Range</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of economy is primarily supported due to the lack of vegetation in the western mountains?

    <p>Nomadic livestock economy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the Siachen glacier located?

    <p>Karakoram Range</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average height of the Himalayas?

    <p>6000 meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geographical feature do the peaks of the central Himalayas possess?

    <p>Snow capped and steep-sided peaks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of sand dunes mentioned in the content?

    <p>They shift grain by grain due to wind.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region mentioned is NOT a part of Tharparkar?

    <p>Kharan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does climate refer to as defined in the content?

    <p>The long-term average atmospheric conditions over about 30 years.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is crucial in determining temperature as indicated in the content?

    <p>The angle of the sun's rays.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of temperature, how does location relate to solar radiation?

    <p>Solar radiation loses intensity over longer distances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of an active flood plain?

    <p>It experiences annual flooding during the rainy season.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following features is commonly found in both active and old flood plains?

    <p>Dry and braided channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How high is the old flood plain in relation to the river level?

    <p>Around 5 meters above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What materials primarily compose the bars in the Upper Indus plain?

    <p>Clay and silt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common geographic feature of the old flood plain?

    <p>Presence of oxbow lake depressions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the height range of bars in the Upper Indus plain?

    <p>7-12 meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure separates the old flood plain from the bar upland?

    <p>A scarp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be seen in the active flood plains during dry seasons?

    <p>Braided and abandoned channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of coastal air on the winters in nearby areas?

    <p>They make winters less cold than inland areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which climate is characterized by hot summers and cold winters due to the lack of sea influence?

    <p>Continental climate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does altitude influence temperature?

    <p>Temperature decreases with altitude because heat transfer is less efficient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of radiation primarily heats the atmosphere?

    <p>Long-wave radiation from the Earth's surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average temperature loss of dry air for each kilometer rise in height?

    <p>9.8 °C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the amount of heat energy transmitted to higher altitudes?

    <p>It decreases due to fewer air molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do mountains have on the sun's rays in valleys?

    <p>They block most of the sun’s rays from reaching the valleys.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about solar radiation's interaction with the atmosphere?

    <p>The atmosphere is primarily heated by the reflected radiation from Earth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which regions are primarily affected by the monsoon of the Bay of Bengal?

    <p>Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa and Gilgit-Baltistan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor primarily prevents the Arabian Sea monsoon from bringing significant rainfall to Sindh?

    <p>Temperature inversion layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of rainfall brought by western depressions in Pakistan during winter?

    <p>The low pressure created in Punjab and Sindh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does convectional rainfall occur?

    <p>Due to rising warm air and moisture condensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes thunderstorms from regular convectional rainfall?

    <p>Thunderstorms form cumulonimbus clouds and have stronger winds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What temperature condition is necessary for the formation of a cyclone?

    <p>Above 27° C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when cold and warm winds meet in the formation of a cyclone?

    <p>They form a cone shape of low pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary physical change in air that leads to rain during convectional rainfall?

    <p>Cooling of air at altitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Learning Outcomes

    • Candidates should identify specific locations on a map, including latitude and longitude lines, the Tropic of Cancer, the Arabian Sea, and bordering countries of Pakistan.

    • Key cities and landforms of Pakistan must be identifiable on a map, such as Islamabad, Muree, Rawalpindi, Lahore, Faisalabad, Multan, Peshawar, Quetta, Karachi, Gwadar, Balochistan Plateau, Sulaiman Range, Safed Koh, Potwar Plateau, Salt Range, Hindu Kush, Karakoram, and Himalayan ranges

    • Rivers and deserts of Pakistan should be identified on a map, such as the Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Sutlej, Kabul, Hab, and Dasht rivers; and the Thar, Thal, and Kharan deserts.

    Describing Distinguishing Features

    • Candidates should be able to use appropriate vocabulary to describe the features of mountains, plateaus, floodplains, and deserts.

    • Knowledge of the formation of Pakistan's natural topography is not required.

    Understanding Natural Topography

    • Candidates should understand the influence of natural topography on human activities, including how steep slopes and flat land affect the use of land and road/rail networks, and how deserts and mountains impact road and rail networks.

    • Candidates should be able to identify and name natural features on photographs or drawings.

    Knowledge of Temperature and Rainfall

    • Candidates should know the distribution of temperature and rainfall, including monsoons, and different types of rain.

    • Candidates should know seasonal and regional variations in temperature and rainfall, and factors that contribute to them, such as depressions, thunderstorms, and cyclones.

    Understanding Climate

    • Candidates should understand the characteristics of arid, semi-arid, humid, and highland climates, including seasonal variations in temperature and rainfall.

    • Candidates should know the influence of latitude and longitude on day length and climate.

    • Candidates should understand the problems and benefits of climate on local economies and people's lives within Pakistan. This should include the effect of low temperatures, droughts, and floods on local people's lives and work.

    Definitions

    • Alluvial material: Material brought by a river.
    • Alluvial terrace/bar: A central high area of doab in which mature type of soil (fine loamy) is present.
    • Alluvial fans: Formed during rainy seasons due to sudden flows of water (torrent).
    • Alluvial cone: A steep-sloped alluvial fan.
    • Basin: A natural or artificial depression in the land.
    • Braided channel: A stream with a split, shallow channel which later merges or joins.
    • Boulder: A large, detached, generally rounded mass of rock.
    • Catchment area: The whole area drained by a river and its tributaries.
    • Doab: The land between two adjacent rivers.
    • Drainage: The natural runoff (flow) of water from an area by streams and rivers.
    • Delta: The mouth of a river.
    • Glacier: A large mass of snow over a huge area.
    • Gully: A narrow channel set up in the earth by the action of water.
    • Gorge: A rocky-walled, steep-sided narrow river valley.
    • Hamun: A shallow salt lake with inland drainage.

    Additional Concepts

    • Northern Mountains: Karakoram, Himalayas, and Hindu Kush Ranges

    • Western Mountains: Waziristan hills, Safed Koh range, Sulaiman range, Kirthar range

    • Balochistan Plateau

    • Potwar Plateau

    • Indus Plain

    • Deserts: Thar, Thal, Kharan and other features

    • Climate: Weather patterns over a long period of time, including factors like temperature and precipitation.

    • Weather: Current atmospheric conditions, including temperature and precipitation.

    • Floods: Temporary covering of land by water.

    • Droughts: A period of low rainfall.

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    Description

    This quiz tests your knowledge of the geographical features of Pakistan, including key cities, rivers, deserts, and major landforms. You will need to identify precise locations such as latitude and longitude, and describe various terrains. Perfect for geography students or anyone interested in Pakistan's natural landscape.

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