Geography of Pakistan Quiz

A flat plain alongside a river, subject to annual flooding, typically 2-3 meters above the river level and 10-20 km wide.

An area slightly higher (5 meters) than the active flood plain, made of old alluvium and showing signs of past meanders, levees, and oxbow lakes, typically 10-20 meters wide.

Flat areas found only in the Upper Indus plain, 7-12 meters high and 25-35 km long, composed of silt and clay, are a safe elevated area from floods.

The land between two rivers.

The slope separating the old flood plain from the elevated bar upland. Typically 20m long and 11m high above the river level.

Loam and silt soils, good for farming, found in both the Upper and Lower Indus plains.

A type of mineral found in the Salt Range.

A mineral found in the Salt Range.

Inland lakes formed when seasonal rivers flow into depressions in the Earth's surface during rainy season; water either drains into the Hamuns or evaporates or absorbed into the ground.

River Zhob flows from southwest to northeast, meeting the River Gomal (a western tributary of River Indus).

A region with heights ranging from 305 to 610 meters, characterized by badlands, steep slopes, dissected, faulted, and folded hills; and residual hills from the last Ice Age.

Ravines are narrow, steep-sided valleys formed by water erosion over time. Furrows are shallow ditches caused by rainwater flow.

The River Soan drains much of the Potwar Plateau, flowing from northeast to southwest into the River Indus.

The average height of the Salt Range is between 750 and 900 meters, with a peak of 1527 meters (Skesar).

The Salt Range runs in an east-west direction and covers parts of Jhelum, Chakwal, Kalabagh, and Mianwali districts.

The Salt Range is a collection of folded and faulted parallel ranges.

Weather is the daily temperature and precipitation, while climate is the average weather over a longer period (like 30 years).

Pakistan's temperature is warm due to its location in subtropical areas receiving intense solar radiation.

Areas further from the equator receive less direct solar energy and are cooler because radiation travels a greater distance and is spread over a larger area.

Sand dunes are crescent-shaped.

Tharparkar is in three parts: Cholistan (Southern Punjab), Nara (Eastern Sindh), and Thar (South East of Sindh).

A temporary covering of land by water that is not usually underwater.

Heavy rainfall, snow and ice melt, dam failures, unusually high tides, tsunamis.

Deforestation, weak embankments, poor infrastructure, lack of warnings.

Restoring underground water, filling reservoirs, fertile soil.

Drowning, epidemics, waterborne diseases.

Disrupted transport, supply shortages, business losses.

Contaminated water, spread of diseases.

Crop damage, food shortages, impact on agro-industries.

A drought is a prolonged period where a region experiences a severe lack of water, lasting for months or even years. This occurs when precipitation is significantly below average for a prolonged time.

Meteorological drought happens when there is a long period of time where a region receives much less precipitation than its average.

Agricultural drought occurs when there isn't enough water available for crops, even if rainfall isn't necessarily below average. Poor farming practices can lead to this.

Hydrological drought happens when the water levels in sources like lakes, reservoirs, and underground aquifers fall below their normal average.

Flooding can kill trees because their roots are submerged, preventing them from absorbing the oxygen they need to survive.

Dams can be built to regulate water flow and prevent flash floods by holding back excess water and releasing it slowly.

Early warning systems alert people in flood-prone areas about potential floods, giving them enough time to evacuate and avoid danger.

Mangrove plantations act as natural barriers, protecting coastlines from damage caused by rising tides during tsunamis and other natural disasters.

The monsoon season in Pakistan is influenced by two distinct systems originating from the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea. While the Bay of Bengal monsoon brings significant rainfall to northern regions like Punjab, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Gilgit-Baltistan and Azad Kashmir, the Arabian Sea system doesn't significantly impact Sindh due to a temperature inversion layer.

Western depressions are wind systems originating in the Mediterranean Sea that travel eastwards towards Afghanistan and Pakistan. They bring rainfall during the winter months (late November to March).

During winter, the Arabian Sea retains its warmth, causing cold air from coastal areas to flow towards the sea. This creates low pressure, attracting dry, colder air from inland areas like Sindh and Punjab. Western depressions then move from the Mediterranean Sea (high pressure) to these low-pressure areas in the Indus Plains, bringing moisture.

Convectional rainfall occurs when the sun heats the land, causing the air to absorb heat, become less dense and rise. This rising air carries moisture that condenses into clouds, eventually leading to rainfall.

Thunderstorms are similar to convectional rainfall, but the air rises quickly forming tall Cumulonimbus clouds. This rapid rise leads to strong winds, lightning, and heavy rainfall. Hailstones can also form when water vapor repeatedly cools and freezes.

Cyclones occur when large bodies of water reach temperatures above 27°C, creating an area of very low pressure. This area then draws in air from high-pressure areas, forming a spinning cone when opposite cold and warm winds collide.

A temperature inversion layer exists in Sindh during the monsoon season. This layer traps the moisture from the Arabian Sea monsoon from reaching the ground, preventing significant rainfall.

A temperature inversion layer occurs when a layer of warm air sits above a layer of cold air. This creates a barrier that prevents the mixing of air, often trapping pollutants or moisture.