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Geography: Landforms and Plate Tectonics
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Geography: Landforms and Plate Tectonics

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Questions and Answers

What is the process of mountain building called?

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  • What is the theory that explains the movement of the Earth's lithosphere?

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  • What type of volcano is formed from gentle eruptions?

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  • What is the process of wave action that erodes and deposits sediment along the coastline?

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    What is the type of desert landform formed from the accumulation of sand?

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    What is the type of plate boundary where two plates move apart?

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    What is the type of coastline where the land has risen relative to the sea?

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    Study Notes

    Mountain Formation

    • Orogenesis: the process of mountain building, resulting from the movement of tectonic plates
    • Types of mountain formation:
      • Folding: when two plates collide, causing the Earth's crust to bend and fold
      • Volcanic: formed from volcanic activity, such as shield volcanoes and stratovolcanoes
      • Block: formed when a section of the Earth's crust is pushed up or pulled down by tectonic forces

    Plate Tectonics

    • Theory of Plate Tectonics: the Earth's lithosphere is broken into large plates that move relative to each other
    • Types of plate boundaries:
      • Divergent: where two plates move apart, resulting in the creation of new crust
      • Convergent: where two plates collide, resulting in subduction or collision
      • Transform: where two plates slide past each other horizontally
    • Plate movement: driven by convection currents in the Earth's mantle

    Volcanic Landforms

    • Types of volcanoes:
      • Shield: gently sloping, formed from gentle eruptions
      • Stratovolcano: tall, conical, formed from explosive eruptions
      • Caldera: formed from a large volcanic eruption that collapses the volcano
    • Volcanic features:
      • Lava flows: solidified lava that forms a hard, rocky surface
      • Volcanic ash: small particles of rock and mineral that are ejected during an eruption
      • Volcanic cones: formed from accumulated ash and lava

    Coastal Features

    • Types of coastlines:
      • Emergent: where the land has risen relative to the sea
      • Submergent: where the land has sunk relative to the sea
      • Passive: where the coastline has not changed significantly
    • Coastal landforms:
      • Beaches: formed from the accumulation of sediment
      • Cliffs: formed from the erosion of the coastline
      • Deltas: formed from the deposition of sediment at the mouth of a river
    • Wave action: the process of waves eroding and depositing sediment along the coastline

    Desert Landforms

    • Types of deserts:
      • Hot: high temperatures and low humidity
      • Cold: low temperatures and low humidity
      • Coastal: formed from the cooling of air as it reaches the coast
    • Desert landforms:
      • Dunes: formed from the accumulation of sand
      • Oases: formed from the presence of water in a desert
      • Canyons: formed from the erosion of the desert landscape
    • Deflation: the process of wind removing sediment and creating depressions in the desert landscape

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    Test your knowledge of geographical landforms, including mountains, volcanoes, coastlines, and deserts, as well as the processes that shape them, such as plate tectonics and erosion.

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