Geography Chapters 1-3 Test

• The test covers chapters 1-3 and includes vocabulary matching, multiple choice, short answer, and map interpretation questions.
• The test lasts about 1 hour and 15 minutes.
• Only the study guide with handwritten answers can be used during the test.
• There is a time limit for the test.
• Review Mediasite presentations and PowerPoints for each chapter.
• Understand key words and concepts at the end of each chapter.
• Answer questions in the "Thinking Geographically" section.

Chapter 1

• Geography is essential for daily activities like commuting, accessing food, housing, and transportation.
• Absolute location refers to latitude and longitude coordinates.
• Relative location refers to relatable places or things.
• Site refers to the characteristics of a specific location.
• Situation involves the surroundings or external factors influencing a location.
• Absolute distance is measured in miles and kilometers.
• Relative distance is based on meaningful human experiences.
• Scale on a map indicates the relationship between the size of an area on the map and its actual size.
• Northeast Ohio is characterized by the Lake Erie shoreline and the Cuyahoga River.
• The region has woods with oak, maple, hickory, and beech trees, which provide habitat for diverse wildlife.
• Northeast Ohio experiences heavy snowfalls due to the lake effect.
• The main focus of geography is where something is located and how it came to be.
• Regions are determined by laws, treaties, or uniformity in physical or cultural features.

Chapter 2

• Landsat satellites are earth-observing satellites that collect data about Earth's surface.
• Shortcomings of a map include the location of specific places, population patterns, cultural practices, and political activities.
• Lines of longitude and latitude create a grid on the Earth.
• Vertical lines representing meridians measure distance east or west.
• Horizontal lines representing parallels measure distance north or south.
• Mercator projection maps have issues with meridians and parallel lines, distorting the north and south directions.
• Robinson projection maps show countries in an accurate size but in an elongated oval shape.
• Goode Homolosine projection displays the Earth in the form of a peeled orange.
• The Northwest Ordinance established a survey system for the northwest territory based on township and range.
• The Connecticut Western Reserve had a different distribution system compared to other areas.
• The scale 1:63,360 or 1/63,360 represents one mile.
• Large-scale maps are more detailed and easier to use for finding specific streets in a new city.
• Topographic maps contain horizontal levels of elevation.
• Cartogram maps provide a more accurate representation of data.
• GPS helps individuals navigate to unfamiliar places.

Chapter 3

• The three main classifications of rocks are Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic.
• Granite is an example of Igneous rock, formed by the slow cooling of magma.
• Coal is an example of Sedimentary rock, compacted in biogenic matter.
• Slate is an example of Metamorphic rock, foliated by layers.
• The theory of Continental Drift suggests that all continents were once united into a supercontinent called Pangaea.
• The lithosphere is the Earth's outer crust that floats on the asthenosphere.
• The asthenosphere is the next mechanical layer, which can be solid but flows like toothpaste.
• Tectonic plates move and interact with each other, forming convergent, divergent, and transform boundaries.
• Convergent boundaries occur when an oceanic plate meets a continental plate, leading to volcanic activity and deep ocean trenches.
• Divergent boundaries are where two oceanic plates separate, causing magma to rise and create new crust.
• Transform boundaries are where plates slide past each other horizontally along a fault line.
• USGS stands for the United States Geological Survey, a federal agency providing scientific information about the Earth and monitoring natural resources.
• Rift valleys form when tectonic plates separate, causing the Earth's crust to stretch and thin.
• Volcanism is the overall activity of volcanoes, including the eruption of lava, ash, and gases.
• Stratovolcanoes have a cone shape.
• Shield volcanoes are formed by alternating layers of solidified lava flows and volcanic ash.
• Gradational processes refer to natural processes that gradually wear down and reshape the Earth's surface.
• Weathering is when rocks on a cliff gradually break apart.
• Mass wasting involves the observation of a landslide on a steep slope.
• Erosion is when a river slowly carves a new path through a valley.
• Saudi Arabia is drilling deep water wells in Arizona and California for irrigation to raise alfalfa hay.
• During the last Ice Age, Northeast Ohio was covered by glaciers.
• Glaciers were in the region around 14,000 years ago.
• Wind and water change landforms through erosion.
• Rising sea levels pose a danger to coastlines, potentially causing erosion and destruction.

Geography test covering chapters 1-3. Topics include absolute and relative location, site, situation, absolute and relative distance, and scale. Review Mediasite presentations, PowerPoints, and end-of-chapter keywords.