Geography Chapter 12 Vocabulary
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Questions and Answers

What is an antecedent boundary?

  • A boundary line established before the area is well populated (correct)
  • A boundary based on physiographic features
  • A movement for partial independence
  • A boundary made by humans
  • What defines an artificial boundary?

  • A boundary established by ethnic or cultural divisions
  • A natural landmark, like a river
  • A boundary formed by political agreements
  • A boundary made by humans (correct)
  • What is autonomous nationalism?

    A movement by a dissident minority aiming for partial or total independence from the state.

    What is a centrifugal force?

    <p>Forces pushing households and businesses outward from central locations in urban geography.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a centripetal force?

    <p>Forces attracting activities to central locations in urban geography.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a compact state?

    <p>A state whose territory is nearly circular.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequent boundary?

    <p>A boundary that coincides with some cultural divide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a core area?

    <p>The heartland of a state containing its most developed area and greatest wealth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is devolution?

    <p>The transfer of powers from central government to political subdivisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is electoral geography?

    <p>The study of the geographical elements related to elections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an elongated state?

    <p>A state whose territory is long and narrow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an enclave?

    <p>A small piece of foreign territory within a state but not under its jurisdiction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is ethnic cleansing?

    <p>The killing or forced relocation of less powerful minorities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the European Union (EU)?

    <p>An economic association established in 1957 to promote free trade among member countries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an exclave?

    <p>A portion of a state separated from the main territory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an exclusive economic zone (EEZ)?

    <p>A zone extending 200 nautical miles from a coastal state with exclusive rights over resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a fragmented state?

    <p>A state whose territory contains isolated, discontinuous parts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a functional dispute?

    <p>A disagreement between neighboring states over policies at their common border.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a geometric boundary?

    <p>A boundary delimited by segments of parallels of latitude or meridians of longitude.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is geopolitics?

    <p>The study of how spatial relations among regions influence political activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is gerrymandering?

    <p>Redrawing electoral district boundaries to benefit particular candidates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is irredentism?

    <p>The policy of a state seeking to incorporate territory inhabited by related ethnic groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a nation?

    <p>A culturally distinctive group that identifies as a separate group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is nationalism?

    <p>A sense of unity binding people of a state together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a nation-state?

    <p>A state whose territory corresponds to that of a single ethnic group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a natural boundary?

    <p>A boundary based on recognizable physiographic features.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a perforated state?

    <p>A state whose territory is interrupted by an independent state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a physical boundary?

    <p>A boundary line based on natural geographical features.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is political geography?

    <p>A branch of human geography analyzing political phenomena spatially.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a positional dispute?

    <p>A disagreement about the actual location of a boundary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a prorupt state?

    <p>A state with a compact form but one or more narrow extensions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is regionalism?

    <p>Identification with a particular region rather than with the entire state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a relic boundary?

    <p>A former boundary line still marked by some cultural features.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a resource dispute?

    <p>Disagreement over control or use of shared resources between states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is separatism?

    <p>Desired autonomy expressed by a culturally distinctive group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a state?

    <p>An independent political unit occupying a defined territory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is subnationalism?

    <p>Allegiance owed primarily to a traditional group rather than to the state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a subsequent boundary?

    <p>A boundary established after an area has been settled reflecting cultural characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a superimposed boundary?

    <p>A boundary overlaid on existing cultural patterns without regard for those patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is supranationalism?

    <p>Associations created by three or more states for mutual benefit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a territorial dispute?

    <p>Disagreement between states over surface area control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is terrorism?

    <p>Political coercion through systematic fear and terror actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)?

    <p>A code of maritime law defining territorial waters and exclusive economic zones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Vocabulary Overview

    • Antecedent Boundary: Established before significant settlement; reflects early political divisions.
    • Artificial Boundary: Human-made borders, often disregarding physical or cultural landmarks.
    • Autonomous Nationalism: Movement for independence by a minority group seeking control over its territory.

    Forces in Geography

    • Centrifugal Force: Urban and political factors driving people and businesses away from central areas; challenges to state unity.
    • Centripetal Force: Draws individuals and activities toward central urban locations; enhances state cohesion.

    State Shapes

    • Compact State: Nearly circular territories, facilitating communication and governance.
    • Elongated State: Long, narrow territories; can lead to governance challenges and regional disparities.
    • Fragmented State: Territory consists of isolated segments, complicating administrative control.
    • Perforated State: Contains a separate, independent state within its borders, leading to dependency and political dynamics.

    Boundaries

    • Consequent (Ethnographic) Boundary: Aligns with cultural divisions like language or religion, reflecting social factors.
    • Geometric Boundary: Defined by geometric lines, primarily in areas like Africa and the Americas.
    • Natural Boundary: Follows physical geographies like rivers or mountains; visibly marked by nature.
    • Relic Boundary: Historical boundaries that remain visible though no longer functional, marked by cultural features.

    Political Concepts

    • Devolution: Shift of powers from central government to local subdivisions within a state.
    • Gerrymandering: Manipulating electoral district boundaries for political advantage, often seen as unethical.
    • Irredentism: Desire for a state to reclaim territory inhabited by people of the same ethnicity or cultural background.

    Group Identity

    • Nation: Culturally distinct group self-identified with common traits, possibly without a defined territory.
    • Nationalism: Unity binding people to their nation/state, promoting identification with communal goals.
    • Subnationalism: Loyalty to a specific group over national allegiance, emphasizing regional identity.

    International Relations

    • European Union (EU): Economic alliance since 1957, promoting trade amongst nearly 30 member states.
    • Supranationalism: Collaborative approach among multiple states for mutual benefit and shared goals, impacting international policy.

    Disputes and Terrorism

    • Functional Dispute: Conflicts arising from border policies and differing regulations between neighboring states.
    • Resource Dispute: Controversies over shared resources, affecting local and national governance.
    • Territorial Dispute: Conflicts regarding the control of land surface area and boundary definitions.
    • Terrorism: Use of fear as a political tool, encompassing both overt and covert actions for coercion.

    United Nations and Maritime Law

    • United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS): Maritime law defining territorial waters and economic zones, with 12 nautical miles for territorial waters and 200 nautical miles for exclusive economic zones.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of key vocabulary terms from Geography Chapter 12. This quiz focuses on various types of boundaries and concepts related to nationalism. Enhance your understanding of geographical terminology and improve your academic performance.

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