Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary cause of cancer?
What is the primary cause of cancer?
What is the role of tumor-suppressor genes?
What is the role of tumor-suppressor genes?
What is the result of converting a proto-oncogene to an oncogene?
What is the result of converting a proto-oncogene to an oncogene?
How can proto-oncogenes be converted to oncogenes?
How can proto-oncogenes be converted to oncogenes?
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What is the function of the p53 tumor-suppressor gene?
What is the function of the p53 tumor-suppressor gene?
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What is the effect of mutations in the ras gene?
What is the effect of mutations in the ras gene?
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What is the role of oncogenes?
What is the role of oncogenes?
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What is the relationship between genes involved in embryonic development and cancer?
What is the relationship between genes involved in embryonic development and cancer?
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Study Notes
Cancer and Cell Cycle Control
- Cancer results from genetic changes that affect cell cycle control
- Gene regulation systems involved in embryonic development are the same ones that go wrong during cancer
Types of Genes Associated with Cancer
- Cancer can be caused by mutations in genes that regulate cell growth and division
- Tumor viruses can cause cancer in animals, including humans
Oncogenes and Proto-Oncogenes
- Oncogenes are cancer-causing genes
- Proto-oncogenes are normal cellular genes responsible for normal cell growth and division
- Conversion of a proto-oncogene to an oncogene can lead to abnormal stimulation of the cell cycle
- Proto-oncogenes can be converted to oncogenes by:
- Movement of DNA within the genome
- Amplification of a proto-oncogene
- Point mutations in the proto-oncogene or its control elements
Tumor-Suppressor Genes
- Tumor-suppressor genes help prevent uncontrolled cell growth
- Mutations that decrease protein products of tumor-suppressor genes may contribute to cancer onset
- Tumor-suppressor proteins:
- Repair damaged DNA
- Control cell adhesion
- Inhibit the cell cycle in the cell-signaling pathway
Interference with Normal Cell-Signaling Pathways
- Mutations in the ras proto-oncogene and p53 tumor-suppressor gene are common in human cancers
- Mutations in the ras gene can lead to production of a hyperactive Ras protein and increased cell division
- Suppression of the cell cycle can be important in the case of damage to a cell's DNA; p53 prevents a cell from passing on mutations
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Description
This quiz covers the relationship between genetic changes and cancer, including the role of gene regulation systems in cell cycle control and embryonic development.
