Genetics: Mutations and Sickle Cell Anaemia

10 Questions

Match the following types of mutations with their descriptions:

Mutations caused by viruses = Replace the existing DNA or replace sections of DNA, changing or mutating the cell Mutations caused by natural mistakes in DNA replication = Occur as natural mistakes in DNA replication during interphase Mutations caused by natural sources of radiation = Include that from the Sun and radioactive material in rocks Mutations caused by genetic modification = Are not naturally occurring, except for genetically modified organisms

Match the following types of mutagens with their examples:

Naturally occurring mutagens = Carbon monoxide and heavy metals Naturally occurring radiation = Sun and radioactive material in rocks Biological mutagens = Genetically modified organisms Chemical mutagens = Uranium and thorium

Match the following types of DNA repair with their descriptions:

Proof-reading = Operate during DNA replication to repair copying errors Continuous repair = Operate continuously to repair spontaneous damage to the DNA DNA replication = Occur as natural mistakes in DNA replication during interphase Gene mutation = Occur when the repair system fails to work properly

Match the following types of biological agents with their characteristics:

Naturally occurring biological agents = Practically all biological agents, except for genetically modified organisms Genetically modified organisms = Are not naturally occurring biological agents Biological mutagens = Include viruses and bacteria DNA repair enzymes = Are responsible for repairing damaged DNA

Match the following types of DNA damage with their repair mechanisms:

Damage to DNA during replication = Proof-reading during DNA replication Spontaneous damage to DNA = Continuous repair to repair spontaneous damage DNA damage caused by viruses = Replace the damaged section of DNA DNA damage caused by radiation = Add the missing bases to repair DNA

Match the following types of genes with their functions:

Genes responsible for repairing damaged DNA = Operate during DNA replication or continuously to repair DNA Genes responsible for proof-reading = Operate during DNA replication to repair copying errors Genes responsible for continuous repair = Operate continuously to repair spontaneous damage to the DNA Genes responsible for gene mutation = Occur when the repair system fails to work properly

Match the following types of radiation with their sources:

Natural sources of radiation = Sun and radioactive material in rocks Artificial sources of radiation = Genetically modified organisms Ultraviolet radiation = Carbon monoxide and heavy metals Ionizing radiation = Incomplete combustion such as fires

Match the following types of mutagens with their effects:

Natural chemical mutagens = Cause mutations by altering DNA structure Naturally occurring radiation = Cause mutations by altering DNA structure Biological mutagens = Replace the existing DNA or replace sections of DNA Genetically modified organisms = Are not naturally occurring mutagens

Match the following types of DNA repair mechanisms with their steps:

Proof-reading = 1. Remove the damaged section of DNA, 2. Add the missing bases, 3. Repair the DNA Continuous repair = 1. Remove the damaged section of DNA, 2. Add the missing bases, 3. Repair the DNA DNA replication = Occur as natural mistakes in DNA replication during interphase Gene mutation = Occur when the repair system fails to work properly

Match the following types of mutations with their causes:

Mutations caused by viruses = Replace the existing DNA or replace sections of DNA Mutations caused by natural mistakes in DNA replication = Occur as natural mistakes in DNA replication during interphase Mutations caused by radiation = Include that from the Sun and radioactive material in rocks Mutations caused by genetic modification = Are not naturally occurring, except for genetically modified organisms

Learn about the causes and effects of mutations in DNA, including base substitution and its impact on protein formation. Understand how this relates to genetic disorders like Sickle Cell Anaemia.