Genetic Mutations and Repair II
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Questions and Answers

What is the main cause of spontaneous mutations?

  • Depurination
  • Tautomeric shift
  • Replication errors (correct)
  • DNA repair mechanisms
  • What differentiates induced mutations from spontaneous mutations?

  • They are repaired by DNA repair mechanisms
  • They occur naturally in the genome
  • They are caused by environmental agents (correct)
  • They result from abnormalities in biological processes
  • What causes mutations to occur due to mobile genetic elements or transposons?

  • DNA repair mechanisms
  • Tautomeric shift
  • Spontaneous mutations (correct)
  • Wobble base pairing
  • What do mutagens do?

    <p>Cause the mutation rate to be higher than the spontaneous mutation rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when strand slippage occurs during DNA replication?

    <p>A DNA strand may loop out, resulting in addition or deletion of a nucleotide on the newly-synthesized strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • Lecture 8 focuses on genetic mutations and their repair, with learning outcomes that include understanding replication errors, differentiating between spontaneous and induced mutations, and describing DNA repair mechanisms.
    • Replication errors are a source of mutations and can be repaired.
    • Mutations can be spontaneous or induced.
    • Spontaneous mutations occur naturally in the genome and are typically caused by errors during replication. Other causes include mobile genetic elements and transposons.
    • Replication errors leading to spontaneous mutations include slipped strand mispairing, wobble base pairing, depurination or deamination, tautomerism, unequal crossing over, and strand slippage during DNA replication.
    • Strand slippage during DNA replication can result in the addition or deletion of a nucleotide on the newly-synthesized strand when a DNA strand loops out.
    • Induced mutations are brought about by environmental agents that enter the cell and alter the DNA structure. These agents are known as mutagens.
    • Mutagens cause a higher mutation rate than spontaneous mutations.
    • Spontaneous and induced mutations differ in their origin and causes. Spontaneous mutations occur naturally, while induced mutations are caused by external factors.

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    Description

    This lecture covers topics related to genetic mutations and their repair, including replication errors, spontaneous and induced mutations, and DNA repair mechanisms.

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