Genetics: Mutations and Causes
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Questions and Answers

What is the most common type of point mutation?

  • Frame shift mutation
  • Transversion mutation
  • Transition mutation (correct)
  • Silent mutation

    • What is the primary effect of mutations on the genetic code?

  • Altering the function of gene products
  • Creating new chromosomes
  • Changing the sequence of amino acids
  • Changing the base sequence of nucleotides (correct)

    • What type of mutation affects the structure or number of chromosomes?

  • Frame shift mutation
  • Gene mutation
  • Chromosome mutation (correct)
  • Point mutation

    • What is the term for substances that increase DNA damage or cell proliferation, leading to mutations?

    <p>Mutagens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a silent mutation on the genetic code?

    <p>Leaving the amino acid sequence unchanged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of mutation occurs when the change is in the third base of the codon and has no effect on the phenotype?

    <p>Synonymous mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a missense mutation on the protein produced?

    <p>It depends on the position and nature of the replacement amino acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a mutation in the beta chain of hemoglobin that changes the codon GAG to GUG?

    <p>Sickle-cell anemia with abnormal electrophoretic mobility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of an unacceptable mutation?

    <p>It results in a non-functional protein incompatible with life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that results from a mutation in the beta chain of hemoglobin?

    <p>Sickle-cell anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of mutation results in the substitution of histidine to tyrosine in the distal histidine residue of alpha chain?

    <p>Point mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of methemoglobinemia on hemoglobin?

    <p>It decreases the oxygen carrying capacity of hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of mutation leads to a premature stopping of protein synthesis?

    <p>Nonsense mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of trinucleotide expansions in Huntington's chorea?

    <p>A polyglutamine repeat in the protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a frameshift mutation on the reading frame?

    <p>It shifts the reading frame</p> Signup and view all the answers

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