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Genetics: Mutations and Causes

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Questions and Answers

What is the most common type of point mutation?

Frame shift mutation

Transversion mutation

Transition mutation (correct)

Silent mutation

What is the primary effect of mutations on the genetic code?

Altering the function of gene products

Creating new chromosomes

Changing the sequence of amino acids

Changing the base sequence of nucleotides (correct)

What type of mutation affects the structure or number of chromosomes?

Frame shift mutation

Gene mutation

Chromosome mutation (correct)

Point mutation

What is the term for substances that increase DNA damage or cell proliferation, leading to mutations?

Mutagens (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a silent mutation on the genetic code?

Leaving the amino acid sequence unchanged (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of mutation occurs when the change is in the third base of the codon and has no effect on the phenotype?

Synonymous mutation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a missense mutation on the protein produced?

It depends on the position and nature of the replacement amino acid (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a mutation in the beta chain of hemoglobin that changes the codon GAG to GUG?

Sickle-cell anemia with abnormal electrophoretic mobility (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of an unacceptable mutation?

It results in a non-functional protein incompatible with life (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the condition that results from a mutation in the beta chain of hemoglobin?

Sickle-cell anemia (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of mutation results in the substitution of histidine to tyrosine in the distal histidine residue of alpha chain?

Point mutation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of methemoglobinemia on hemoglobin?

It decreases the oxygen carrying capacity of hemoglobin (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of mutation leads to a premature stopping of protein synthesis?

Nonsense mutation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of trinucleotide expansions in Huntington's chorea?

A polyglutamine repeat in the protein (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a frameshift mutation on the reading frame?

It shifts the reading frame (D) Signup and view all the answers