Evolution
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Questions and Answers

What is the result of crossing over of chromosomes during gene recombination?

  • New combination of alleles due to genetic drift
  • Recombination of identical sister chromatids
  • No change in the allelic frequencies
  • New combination of alleles due to sexual reproduction (correct)

    • What is the primary effect of natural selection on a population?

  • Reduction in population size
  • Increase in genetic variation
  • Migration of individuals to a new habitat
  • Unequal survival and reproductive success of individuals (correct)

    • What type of natural selection is characterized by the favoring of extreme phenotypes?

  • Disruptive selection (correct)
  • Directional selection
  • Artificial selection
  • Stabilizing selection

    • What is the outcome of gene recombination in a population?

    <p>Increased genetic variation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary driver of adaptation in a population?

    <p>Natural selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate outcome of natural selection in a population?

    <p>Adaptation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary implication of the Lederberg Replica Plating Experiment?

    <p>Many mutations are random and not induced by environmental factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consequence of a bottleneck effect on a population?

    <p>Drastic reduction in population size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism driving speciation in a small population?

    <p>The founder's effect, leading to reduced genetic variation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between mutation and adaptation?

    <p>Mutations are a source of genetic variation, which can lead to adaptation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of gene flow on Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

    <p>It introduces new genes and alleles, disturbing the equilibrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor affecting the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

    <p>Mutation and genetic drift</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of mutations in a population?

    <p>A change in gene and allele frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the founder's effect on a population?

    <p>Reduced genetic variation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the total collection of all genes and their alleles in a population?

    <p>Gene pool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of migration of genes or alleles from one population to another?

    <p>Gene flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of errors in DNA copying or exposure to mutagens?

    <p>Mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the factor that introduces new genes or alleles into a population, leading to a change in gene and allele frequency?

    <p>Mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary significance of radioactive/carbon dating in the context of evolution?

    <p>It gives clues to organisms that are long extinct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of homologous structures in different species?

    <p>They have similar anatomical structures but perform different functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be inferred by comparing fossils from different species?

    <p>The evolutionary relationships between the species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of tendrils and thorns in plants?

    <p>To provide support and protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do fossils provide evidence for?

    <p>The existence of intermediate forms of species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of fossils found in the Proterozoic era?

    <p>They are few in number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the fossil record show about the evolution of horses?

    <p>Horses evolved from a group of related species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany in Lucknow?

    <p>It is a fossil park with 20 million year old fossil forests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of dividing the Earth's history into large blocks of time?

    <p>Era</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Archaeopteryx in the fossil record?

    <p>It is a transitional form between reptiles and birds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the subdivision of periods into smaller blocks of time?

    <p>Epoch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate age of the Earth according to the Big Bang Theory?

    <p>20 billion years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process led to the formation of galaxies and planets from the swirling mass of gases?

    <p>Gravitational force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the initial environment on Earth after its formation?

    <p>Hostile and inhabitable with volcanic eruptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of the UV rays from the sun breaking up water on primitive Earth?

    <p>Formation of hydrogen, oxygen, and lighter H2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate time when life is believed to have originated on Earth?

    <p>4 billion years ago</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the alternative explanation for the origin of Earth and life forms besides the Big Bang Theory?

    <p>Special Creation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the atmosphere's air is found in the troposphere?

    <p>75%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the layer of the atmosphere where the temperature increases with altitude?

    <p>Stratosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process that occurs in the thermosphere that causes the temperature to increase?

    <p>Absorption of both UV and X-ray radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the region of the atmosphere where the aurora, or Northern Lights, occur?

    <p>Thermosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What holds the atmosphere near the surface of the Earth?

    <p>The Earth's gravitational attraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the layer of the atmosphere where the air is constantly leaking out into space?

    <p>Exosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the layer of the atmosphere where the temperature decreases with altitude?

    <p>Mesosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main constituents of the atmosphere?

    <p>Argon, oxygen, and nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many distinct layers does the atmosphere have?

    <p>Five</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the atmosphere's primary function?

    <p>To protect life on Earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the boundary like between the atmosphere and outer space?

    <p>It is a gradual transition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be seen when looking up at the sky?

    <p>A blue sky, clouds, the moon, stars, and satellites</p> Signup and view all the answers

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