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Questions and Answers
What is the result of a chemical transformation caused by a mutagen, such as HNO2, on the DNA molecule?
What is the result of a chemical transformation caused by a mutagen, such as HNO2, on the DNA molecule?
- Conversion of hypoxanthine to adenine
- Conversion of adenine to hypoxanthine
- Conversion of cytosine to uracil or adenine to hypoxanthine (correct)
- Conversion of uracil to cytosine
What type of agents can cause mutations by adding an alkyl group to DNA, resulting in positively charged carbonium ions?
What type of agents can cause mutations by adding an alkyl group to DNA, resulting in positively charged carbonium ions?
- Alkylating agents (correct)
- Chemotherapeutic agents
- Antibiotics
- Viral agents
What is the primary mechanism of action of mutagens that incorporate abnormal base analogs, such as 5-bromouracil and 2-aminopurine?
What is the primary mechanism of action of mutagens that incorporate abnormal base analogs, such as 5-bromouracil and 2-aminopurine?
- Denaturing DNA
- Alkylating the DNA molecule
- Inhibiting DNA replication
- Replacing normal bases in DNA (correct)
What is the term for the permanent alteration in the genetic information of a cell?
What is the term for the permanent alteration in the genetic information of a cell?
Which of the following is NOT a type of mutagen?
Which of the following is NOT a type of mutagen?
What is the result of the action of a teratogen on a developing fetus?
What is the result of the action of a teratogen on a developing fetus?
What is the primary means of transmission of toxoplasmosis to pregnant women?
What is the primary means of transmission of toxoplasmosis to pregnant women?
What is the primary cause of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)?
What is the primary cause of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)?
What is the primary consequence of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus during pregnancy?
What is the primary consequence of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus during pregnancy?
What is the primary effect of a vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy?
What is the primary effect of a vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy?
Which of the following drugs is considered highly teratogenic?
Which of the following drugs is considered highly teratogenic?
What is the primary mechanism of action of alkylating agents, such as cyclophosphamide, as teratogens?
What is the primary mechanism of action of alkylating agents, such as cyclophosphamide, as teratogens?
During which stage of development is the fetus most susceptible to teratogens that produce major morphological changes?
During which stage of development is the fetus most susceptible to teratogens that produce major morphological changes?
What is the main effect of thalidomide's active metabolites on the fetus?
What is the main effect of thalidomide's active metabolites on the fetus?
Which of the following is a mechanism of action of teratogens that involves the inhibition of enzymes?
Which of the following is a mechanism of action of teratogens that involves the inhibition of enzymes?
What is the primary effect of CO toxicity on the fetus?
What is the primary effect of CO toxicity on the fetus?
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of action of teratogens?
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of action of teratogens?
What is the primary mechanism by which carbon monoxide contributes to adverse fetal outcomes?
What is the primary mechanism by which carbon monoxide contributes to adverse fetal outcomes?
What is the term for the condition caused by mercury exposure, characterized by malformations and mental retardation in babies?
What is the term for the condition caused by mercury exposure, characterized by malformations and mental retardation in babies?
Which of the following viral infections is associated with the highest risk of congenital anomalies and deafness?
Which of the following viral infections is associated with the highest risk of congenital anomalies and deafness?
What is the primary effect of vinyl chloride on fetal development?
What is the primary effect of vinyl chloride on fetal development?
Which of the following bacterial infections is associated with the highest risk of hydrocephalus and mental retardation?
Which of the following bacterial infections is associated with the highest risk of hydrocephalus and mental retardation?
What is the primary effect of lead exposure on fetal development?
What is the primary effect of lead exposure on fetal development?
What is the effect of androgens and progesterone on the fetus?
What is the effect of androgens and progesterone on the fetus?
What is the risk of poor neonatal adaptation (PNA) syndrome in newborns exposed to SSRIs in late pregnancy?
What is the risk of poor neonatal adaptation (PNA) syndrome in newborns exposed to SSRIs in late pregnancy?
What is the serious condition caused by persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN)?
What is the serious condition caused by persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN)?
What is the effect of diethylstilbestrol (DES) on the fetus if pregnant mother took it during the 1st trimester?
What is the effect of diethylstilbestrol (DES) on the fetus if pregnant mother took it during the 1st trimester?
What are the effects of ACE inhibitors and Angiotensin-II receptor Antagonists on the fetus?
What are the effects of ACE inhibitors and Angiotensin-II receptor Antagonists on the fetus?
What is the effect of estrogens on the male fetus?
What is the effect of estrogens on the male fetus?
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