Genetics: Mitosis and Meiosis Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which phase of meiosis is primarily responsible for recombination?

  • Anaphase II
  • Prophase I (correct)
  • Telophase II
  • Metaphase I

    • During meosis II, haploid cells remain haploid after division.

    True

    What does recombination create during meiosis?

    New combinations of alleles

    ________ cells are produced after meiosis.

    <p>Haploid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following meiosis phases with their key events:

    <p>Prophase I = Recombination Metaphase I = Alignment of homologous chromosomes Anaphase I = Separation of homologous chromosomes Telophase II = Formation of daughter cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likelihood of gene A and B being inherited together?

    <p>93%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chiasma refers to the point where crossover events occur between non-homologous chromosomes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used when there is an abnormal number of chromosomes in gametes?

    <p>Aneuploidy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The chance that gene A and C alleles are inherited together is _____%.

    <p>53</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Crossover = Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes Independent Assortment = Random separation of alleles during gamete formation Non-disjunction = Failure of chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis Chiasma = Point where chromatids exchange genetic material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which meiotic division is least likely to result in aneuploidy?

    <p>Meiosis 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If genes are located on different chromosomes, they will always be inherited together.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'haploid' refer to?

    <p>A cell with one set of chromosomes (n)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary outcome of meiosis compared to mitosis?

    <p>Four non-identical cells are produced.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Independent assortment ensures that alleles segregate randomly during the formation of gametes.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is aneuploidy?

    <p>An abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In meiosis, a reduction in the chromosome number occurs during ________.

    <p>meiosis I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each condition with its description:

    <p>Trisomy 21 = Caused by an extra chromosome 21 Double Y = Condition affecting males with an extra Y chromosome Nondisjunction = Failure of chromosomes to separate properly Recombination = Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following occurs during homologous recombination?

    <p>Genetic material is exchanged between homologous chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All genetic mutations affect reproductive organs.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of random fertilization?

    <p>Unique zygotes are formed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After meiosis, the resulting gametes have a __________ set of chromosomes.

    <p>haploid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total number of chromosomes in a diploid cell denoted as?

    <p>2n</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of non-disjunction during meiosis 2?

    <p>Two normal gametes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The likelihood of having a child with Down Syndrome decreases as a mother ages.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What chromosomal disorder is associated with extra digits and serious brain problems?

    <p>Trisomy 13 (Patau Syndrome)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During metaphase, chromosomes line up and a __________ is taken.

    <p>picture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of most infants with trisomy 18?

    <p>They die within the first month</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the chromosomal disorders with their main characteristics:

    <p>Down Syndrome = Trisomy 21 Patau Syndrome = Trisomy 13 Edwards Syndrome = Trisomy 18 Klinefelter Syndrome = Extra X chromosome in males</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mitosis is responsible for the production of gametes in all organisms.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chromosome configuration of a 'Super Male'?

    <p>Double-Y Chromosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Genetic Variety and Diversity

    • Homologous recombination shuffles alleles along chromosome pairs
    • Independent assortment: alleles align randomly during meiosis
    • Random fertilization: specific sperm fertilizes egg randomly producing unique zygotes

    Mitosis

    • Single cell division creating two identical daughter cells
    • Two identical sets of chromosomes
    • Occurs in somatic (body) cells

    Meiosis

    • Two-part cell division producing four non-identical daughter cells
    • Each cell contains half the original chromosomes
    • Occurs in sex organs (ovaries and testes), creating gametes (sperm and egg cells)

    Meiosis I (Reductional)

    • Homologous chromosomes separate
    • Recombination occurs, creating new gene combinations

    Meiosis II (Equational)

    • Sister chromatids separate similarly to mitosis
    • Creates four genetically unique haploid gametes

    Recombination

    • Reshuffling of alleles from homologous chromosomes
    • Creates new allele combinations within gametes

    Linked Genes

    • Genes located near each other on a chromosome
    • More likely to be inherited together due to low chance of crossing-over

    Aneuploidy

    • Abnormal number of chromosomes due to errors in meiosis
    • Causes different chromosome copies during gamete creation
    • Nondisjunction: Chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis, resulting in gametes with extra or missing chromosomes

    Sex Chromosome Combinations in Zygotes

    • Errors in meiosis can lead to abnormal sex chromosome combinations
    • Examples: Turner syndrome (XO), Klinefelter syndrome (XXY), Triple X syndrome (XXX)

    Super Male

    • 47, XYY karyotype (one extra Y chromosome)

    Animal Life Cycle

    • Zygote (2n) undergoes mitosis to develop into an organism
    • Organisms produce haploid gametes through meiosis
    • Fertilization produces a zygote, completing the cycle

    Plant and Fungi Life Cycle

    • Sporophyte (2n) undergoes meiosis to produce spores (n)
    • Spores germinate into gametophytes
    • Gametophytes produce gametes (n) through mitosis
    • Fertilization produces a zygote (2n), the starting point

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    Related Documents

    L5 - Meiosis and Recombination PDF

    Description

    Explore the fundamental processes of mitosis and meiosis, including genetic variety through homologous recombination and independent assortment. Understand how these processes contribute to genetic diversity and the formation of gametes. This quiz covers essential concepts essential for biology students.

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