Genetics Lecture 1: Basic Components of Genetics Quiz

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Which process reduces the number of chromosome sets from diploid to haploid?

Fertilization

Mitosis

Meiosis (correct)

Replication

What is the term used to describe the genetic information that is transmitted from parents to their offspring?

Alleles

Chromosomes

Genes (correct)

Traits

In humans, what is the haploid number of chromosomes?

56

46

23 (correct)

12

What is the term used to describe a gene pair where the two alleles are different?

Heterozygous Signup and view all the answers

What event occurs during meiosis I?

Crossing over Signup and view all the answers

How many daughter cells are produced at the end of meiosis?

Four Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a cell with two sets of chromosomes?

Diploid Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the fusion of a sperm cell and an ovum?

Fertilization Signup and view all the answers

What is the total number of chromosomes found in a human somatic (body) cell?

46 Signup and view all the answers

What does mitosis do to the number of chromosome sets?

Does not change it Signup and view all the answers

Which type of chromosome determines the biological sex of a human individual?

Both X and Y chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell has only one set of chromosomes?

Haploid cell Signup and view all the answers

How many copies of each gene does a human have?

Two Signup and view all the answers

What is the diploid number of chromosomes in a domestic dog?

78 Signup and view all the answers

What is the study of how traits are passed from parents to offspring called?

Genetics Signup and view all the answers

What determines the traits of an organism?

Genes Signup and view all the answers

What are the different versions of the same gene called?

Alleles Signup and view all the answers

What is the chromosome number in somatic (body) cells?

Diploid Signup and view all the answers

In which stage of meiosis does crossing over occur?

Prophase I Signup and view all the answers

If an individual's genotype is TT, what will their phenotype be for the thumb trait?

Straight thumb Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the physical appearance resulting from an organism's genetic makeup?

Phenotype Signup and view all the answers

If a parent has the genotype AaBb, how many different types of gametes can they produce?

8 Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a gene pair where both alleles are the same?

Homozygous Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between genes and DNA?

Genes are made up of DNA molecules Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the field of genetics?

The study of how traits are passed down from parents to offspring Signup and view all the answers

What does genetics provide in living organisms?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic unit of heredity that carries genetic information?

DNA Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a basic component of genetics?

Proteins Signup and view all the answers

If an individual's genotype is Bb, what is the probability of them producing a gamete with the dominant allele B?

50% Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the passing of traits from parents to their offspring?

Heredity Signup and view all the answers