Genetics: Traits and Chromosomes
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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of a gene?

  • A segment of DNA that determines a trait (correct)
  • A segment of RNA that determines a trait
  • A pair of chromosomes that determines a trait
  • A protein that determines a trait

    • What is the genotype for an organism with two dominant genes?

  • Tt
  • TT (correct)
  • tt
  • AA

    • What do homologous pairs of chromosomes consist of?

  • Two recessive genes from different parents
  • Two different genes from the same parent
  • Dominant and recessive genes from the same parent
  • Matching genes, one from each parent (correct)

    • What does DNA stand for?

    <p>DeoxyriboNucleic Acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a segment of DNA that determines a trait?

    <p>Gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of genes prevent other genes from showing their traits?

    <p>Dominant genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for the physical appearance resulting from an organism's gene makeup?

    <p>Phenotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who described DNA as a double helix or twisted ladder and won the Nobel Prize for it?

    <p>Frances Crick</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a combination of genes in an organism?

    <p>Genotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for genes that do not show their traits even though they are present?

    <p>Recessive genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the sugar-phosphate backbones in DNA replication and stability?

    <p>Provide a stable structure for the DNA double helix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement describes the polarity of the DNA strands?

    <p>One strand runs 3’ to 5’ and the other runs 5’ to 3’</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of DNA polymerase during DNA replication?

    <p>Adds nucleotides to the new DNA strands according to base-pairing rules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does DNA replication take place in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells?

    <p>The nucleus provides a stable environment for replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

    <p>DNA contains thymine, while RNA contains uracil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the enzyme helicase in DNA replication?

    <p>Separates the parent DNA strands by breaking hydrogen bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Chargaff's rule in DNA structure?

    <p>It maintains a 1:1 ratio of pyrimidine and purine bases in DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does DNA replication occur in prokaryotic cells?

    <p>In the cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the enzyme DNA polymerase during replication?

    <p>Adds nucleotides according to base-pairing rules to new DNA strands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of a DNA nucleotide?

    <p>Deoxyribose sugar, phosphate, one of 4 nitrogenous bases [ A T G C ]</p> Signup and view all the answers

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