20 Questions
What is the definition of a gene?
A segment of DNA that determines a trait
What is the genotype for an organism with two dominant genes?
TT
What do homologous pairs of chromosomes consist of?
Matching genes, one from each parent
What does DNA stand for?
DeoxyriboNucleic Acid
What is the term for a segment of DNA that determines a trait?
Gene
Which type of genes prevent other genes from showing their traits?
Dominant genes
What is the term used for the physical appearance resulting from an organism's gene makeup?
Phenotype
Who described DNA as a double helix or twisted ladder and won the Nobel Prize for it?
Frances Crick
What is the term for a combination of genes in an organism?
Genotype
What is the term for genes that do not show their traits even though they are present?
Recessive genes
What is the role of the sugar-phosphate backbones in DNA replication and stability?
Provide a stable structure for the DNA double helix
Which statement describes the polarity of the DNA strands?
One strand runs 3’ to 5’ and the other runs 5’ to 3’
What is the function of DNA polymerase during DNA replication?
Adds nucleotides to the new DNA strands according to base-pairing rules
Why does DNA replication take place in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells?
The nucleus provides a stable environment for replication
Which statement accurately describes the difference between DNA and RNA?
DNA contains thymine, while RNA contains uracil
What is the role of the enzyme helicase in DNA replication?
Separates the parent DNA strands by breaking hydrogen bonds
What is the significance of Chargaff's rule in DNA structure?
It maintains a 1:1 ratio of pyrimidine and purine bases in DNA
Where does DNA replication occur in prokaryotic cells?
In the cytoplasm
What is the function of the enzyme DNA polymerase during replication?
Adds nucleotides according to base-pairing rules to new DNA strands
What is the composition of a DNA nucleotide?
Deoxyribose sugar, phosphate, one of 4 nitrogenous bases [ A T G C ]
Test your knowledge about genetics, traits, chromosomes, and the inheritance of genes from parents. Understand the concepts of dominant and recessive genes and how they determine traits in offspring.
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