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Questions and Answers
What term is used for having two identical alleles?
What term is used for having two identical alleles?
Homozygous
What term is used for having two different alleles?
What term is used for having two different alleles?
Heterozygous
Which genetic disorder results from a recessive gene?
Which genetic disorder results from a recessive gene?
Advancing maternal age decreases the risk of having a child with Down Syndrome.
Advancing maternal age decreases the risk of having a child with Down Syndrome.
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Huntington's Disease is a fatal progressive brain disorder where brain cells die, leading to a loss of control over movements and ___________.
Huntington's Disease is a fatal progressive brain disorder where brain cells die, leading to a loss of control over movements and ___________.
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Match the genetic disorder with its description:
Match the genetic disorder with its description:
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Study Notes
Traits and Genes
- Traits are determined by pairs of genes, each member of a pair is an allele
- Homozygous: having two identical alleles
- Heterozygous: having two different alleles
- Incomplete dominance or codominance: when the effects of both alleles are shown
Dominant and Recessive Traits
- People who bear one dominant gene and one recessive gene for a trait are carriers of the recessive gene
- Recessive genes can cause diseases such as cystic fibrosis and sickle-cell anemia
Chromosomal Abnormalities
- Chromosomal abnormalities can be numerical (e.g. monosomy, trisomy) or structural
- Down syndrome is usually caused by an extra chromosome in the 21st pair, resulting in 47 chromosomes
- Advancing maternal age increases the risk of having a child with down syndrome
- Women between 35 to 39 have the highest percent change at 29%
Sex-Linked Chromosomal Abnormalities
- Abnormalities that are transmitted from generation to generation and are carried on the sex chromosome
- Examples include infertile, maleness and femaleness differences, and numerous disorders stemming from an abnormal number of sex chromosomes
Genetic Abnormalities
- Phenylketonuria (PKU): transmitted by recessive gene, 1 in 12,000 newborns will have PKU
- Huntington's disease: fatal progressive brain disorder, genetic miracle discovered
- Sickle cell anemia: recessive gene, common among black North Americans, neglected disease due to no precise stats
- Cystic fibrosis: recessive gene, most fatal among children and young adults, thick build up of mucus in the lungs, trouble absorbing nutrients
- Sex-linked genetic abnormalities: hemophilia, colour blindness, only carried on the X sex chromosomes, females less likely because they have two X chromosomes
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of genetics, including alleles, homozygous and heterozygous genes, and incomplete dominance or codominance. It also explains what it means to be a carrier of a trait.
