Genetics Inheritance Patterns Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What inheritance pattern does a dihybrid cross illustrate?

Mendelian inheritance (correct)

Incomplete dominance

Codominance

Epistasis

What is the expected phenotypic ratio from a typical monohybrid cross involving complete dominance?

3:1 (correct)

9:3:3:1

2:1

1:2:1

In a dihybrid cross where one parent is WW and the other is ww, what is the dominant phenotype expected in the offspring?

Wire-haired (correct)

Smooth-haired

Neither smooth-haired nor wire-haired

Both smooth-haired and wire-haired

What does a phenotypic ratio of 3:1 represent in a genetics cross?

Three normal to one albino offspring Signup and view all the answers

In non-Mendelian inheritance, which of the following does NOT typically occur?

Traits follow a clear dominant-recessive pattern Signup and view all the answers

What does the gene fibrillin primarily contribute to in the body?

Elastic tissue structure Signup and view all the answers

What is the genetic basis of Sickle Cell Anemia?

A gene mutation affecting red blood cell shape Signup and view all the answers

In human genetics, what does the 23rd pair of chromosomes determine?

Sex of the individual Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe the inheritance pattern where traits are influenced by multiple genes?

Polygenic inheritance Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical structures are directly affected by a faulty fibrillin gene?

Elastic tissues Signup and view all the answers

What does the ABCC11 gene influence regarding body odor?

Secretion of odorants from sweat glands Signup and view all the answers

Which principle is NOT part of Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance?

Law of Mutation Signup and view all the answers

In which section is the concept of 'Nature vs. Nurture' discussed?

Nature vs. Nurture Signup and view all the answers

What is typically the focus of pedigree analysis?

Track heredity patterns in families Signup and view all the answers

Which type of inheritance is discussed at the end of the outline?

X-Linked Inheritance Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary focus in the section on chromosomal abnormalities?

Identifying common genetic disorders Signup and view all the answers

What is emphasized in the pledge regarding academic integrity?

Honesty and integrity in academic tasks Signup and view all the answers

Who are the authors mentioned for the Grade 12 reviewer handout?

Dizon, C.A. and Santos, G.C. Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of codominance as described in the content?

Speckled chickens Signup and view all the answers

According to Mendel's laws, what does the law of dominance state?

Dominant alleles are always expressed in a heterozygous condition. Signup and view all the answers

What is pleiotropy as defined in the content?

A single gene affects multiple traits. Signup and view all the answers

In a heterozygous organism with one dominant and one recessive allele, which allele will be expressed?

The dominant allele only. Signup and view all the answers

What ratio represents the genotype and phenotype distribution in one of the described traits?

4:0 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding the law of segregation?

Hybrid pairs do not mix their traits. Signup and view all the answers

Which blood type represents individuals with both alleles expressed equally?

Type AB Signup and view all the answers

What genetic condition is an example of pleiotropy?

Marfan syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What describes the phenotype produced from a heterozygous cross of two homozygous plants in incomplete dominance?

It appears as an intermediate blend of both parents. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs in codominance with respect to alleles?

Both alleles are expressed equally in the phenotype. Signup and view all the answers

If a homozygous red snapdragon is crossed with a homozygous white snapdragon, the offspring will be?

All pink. Signup and view all the answers

In a cross of a black-feathered chicken and a white-feathered chicken exhibiting codominance, what would the offspring look like?

Black and white feathers together. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about incomplete dominance is correct?

The heterozygous phenotype is a blend of the two homozygous phenotypes. Signup and view all the answers

What is true regarding the genotypes of the offspring from a cross of two codominant feathered chickens?

All offspring will be heterozygous. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of genetic dominance, which trait can be observed in codominance?

The simultaneous expression of both alleles. Signup and view all the answers

If incomplete dominance were to occur in a population of plants, which would most likely be the result?

Plants would exhibit a range of colors. Signup and view all the answers

Who is most likely to exhibit severe physical and intellectual abnormalities due to an X-linked recessive disorder?

Males with a single recessive allele Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of X-linked recessive disorders?

Affected males are frequently found in each generation Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by an extra copy of chromosome 21?

Down Syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of Klinefelter Syndrome in males?

Reduced size and function of genitalia Signup and view all the answers

What describes Turner Syndrome in females?

A missing X chromosome causing short height Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following abnormalities is less likely to occur in females with an X-linked recessive disorder?

Cleft lip or palate Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that determines the severity of Down Syndrome?

The number of extra chromosomes present Signup and view all the answers

Why do most infants with severe complications from X-linked recessive disorders not survive beyond their first year?

Due to complications like low birth weight and severe abnormalities Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Klinefelter Syndrome from other genetic disorders?

It involves an extra X chromosome leading to characteristic developments. Signup and view all the answers

Which abnormality is NOT commonly associated with Down Syndrome?

Extra fingers or toes Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

AUF Honor Code

Students pledge honesty and integrity in all academic tasks
Students agree to not receive or give unauthorized assistance
Students commit to observing scholarly and intellectual standards
Students commit to proper citation of sources and appropriate data collection and use

Reminder

The lecture material is provided to guide students in preparation for upcoming activities, quizzes, and exams
Students are strongly encouraged to review course materials and resources provided by the school and teachers to improve their performance on assessments
Students are advised to work diligently towards overcoming academic challenges.

General Biology 2 - Lesson 1: Heredity and Patterns of Inheritance

Introduction

Stink-Free Gene (ABCC11): A mutated gene that affects the secretion of odorants and their precursors from apocrine sweat glands (armpits)
Heredity (Inheritance): The process of traits being passed from one generation to the next (parents to offspring)
Genetics: The branch of science that studies heredity

Foundations of Heredity

Gregor Mendel (1822-1884): Known as the "Father of Genetics"
Mendel conducted breeding experiments with garden peas ( Pisum sativum) to study inheritance patterns
Mendel's Laws of Inheritance (later details are given)

Garden Pea ( Pisum sativum)

Easy to cultivate
Short generation time
Can be cross-pollinated by hand
Exhibits clear and distinguishable traits

Genes, Traits, and Alleles

Gene: Units in organisms that control the expression of traits
Trait: Distinguishable characteristics
Allele: Alternative forms of a gene (B=dominant, b=recessive)

Dominant vs. Recessive

Dominant (B): The allele that masks the recessive allele. Expressed always.
Recessive (b): An allele only expressed in the absence of the dominant allele

Homozygous vs. Heterozygous

Homozygous: Describes an individual with the same allele of a gene on both homologous chromosomes
Heterozygous: Describes an individual with different alleles for a gene on homologous chromosomes

Genotype and Phenotype

Genotype: The genetic makeup of an organism; the set of alleles present in an individual's chromosomes.
Phenotype: The observable physical traits expressed by an organism.

Breeding (Mating)- Punnett Square

True-Breeding: Parents with certain traits consistently pass those traits to every offspring
Punnett Square: A square diagram use to predict possible genetic outcomes of a cross-breeding experiment

Mendel's Laws of Inheritance

(Details on the three laws are later explained in a more sophisticated manner)*

Inheritance Patterns (Non-Mendelian)

Incomplete Dominance: One allele is not fully dominant over the other; the heterozygous phenotype is an intermediate blend of the homozygous phenotypes.
Codominance: Both alleles are simultaneously expressed, resulting in a combined phenotypic expression.
Pleiotropy: A single gene affecting multiple traits.
Polygenic Inheritance: Multiple genes control the phenotype of an organism.
Epistasis: Two or more genes contribute to a phenotype but one gene may overshadow the other contributing genes

Inheritance Patterns in Humans

Autosomal Dominant: A single copy of a mutated gene (from one parent) is enough to cause the disorder in both sexes.
Autosomal Recessive: Two copies of the mutated gene (from both parents) are needed to cause the disorder in both sexes
X-linked Dominant: Affected fathers pass the trait to all daughters, no carriers.
X-linked Recessive: Males are more frequently affected than females; mothers pass down to their sons

Chromosomal Abnormalities

Polyploidy: Species with three or more sets of chromosomes
Aneuploidy: Too many or too few copies of a particular chromosome (nondisjunction)
Specific Syndrome Examples: (e.g., Down Syndrome, Patau Syndrome, Turner Syndrome, Klinefelter Syndrome, etc.)

Additional topics

Types of genetic disorders
Pedigree analysis
Determining if traits are dominant or recessive
Identifying if traits are sex-linked or autosomal
Other diseases like Albinism, Tay-Sachs disease etc
(Further details and explanations are given throughout the following pages)*

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Description

Test your knowledge on inheritance patterns in genetics with this quiz, including dihybrid and monohybrid crosses. You'll explore concepts like expected phenotypic ratios and dominant phenotypes. Ideal for students studying Mendelian and non-Mendelian genetics.