Genetics II (Bio-205) Level 2 Lecture 5: Chromosome Painting
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Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic feature of B chromosomes in mammals?

  • They only appear in roots and not in aerial tissues.
  • They are smaller than A chromosomes.
  • They pair and recombine with A chromosomes during meiosis.
  • They have a distinct morphology from A chromosomes. (correct)

How do Bs in plants differ in size compared to A chromosomes?

  • Bs in plants are always larger than A chromosomes.
  • Bs in plants are always the same size as the largest A chromosome.
  • Bs in plants are the same size as A chromosomes.
  • Bs in plants are often smaller than the smallest A chromosome. (correct)

In mammals, where are B chromosomes often found?

  • Exclusively in aerial tissues
  • In pairs that recombine during meiosis
  • In varying numbers depending on the tissue type (correct)
  • Only in roots

Which process leads to non-Mendelian inheritance of B chromosomes in plants?

<p>Post-meiotic non-disjunction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Bs from As in terms of pairing and recombination during meiosis?

<p>Bs pair and recombine with As during meiosis. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes Bs in plant species like Zea mays?

<p>Bs have a similar size to A chromosomes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in chromosome painting?

<p>To identify specific regions or chromosomes within a cell's nucleus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How have probe preparation and labeling techniques for FISH been modified over time?

<p>Nucleotides can now be directly labeled with fluorescent dyes and incorporated into FISH probes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of B chromosomes?

<p>They are extra chromosomes in addition to the standard chromosome complement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do B chromosomes typically maintain their presence in a population?

<p>By displaying non-Mendelian inheritance via mitotic or meiotic drive mechanisms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of B chromosomes in organisms?

<p>They are derived from both autosomes and sex chromosomes in intra- and interspecies crosses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical effect of high copy numbers of B chromosomes on the host genome?

<p>They are deleterious to the host genome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do B-A translocations arise?

<p>Through reciprocal translocations between Bs and As (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using B-A translocations in maize genetics research?

<p>To identify the location of recessive mutant genes on specific chromosome arms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are truncated B chromosomes more readily recovered than truncated A chromosomes?

<p>Bs are more dispensable than As (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using telomere repeats in the construction of engineered mini-chromosomes?

<p>To cleave the chromosome at the insertion point of the construct (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of using engineered mini-chromosomes as platforms for stacking transgenes?

<p>They allow for the integration of multiple transgenes at a single locus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between B-A translocations and artificial chromosomes?

<p>B-A translocations are naturally occurring, while artificial chromosomes are synthetic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of chromosome painting?

<p>To visualize specific chromosome regions or entire chromosomes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technique involves the use of chromosome-specific DNA probes with multiple fluorochromes?

<p>Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about chromosome painting is NOT true?

<p>It was initially used only for the study of animal chromosomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the translocation t(9;22)(q34;p11) mentioned in the text?

<p>It led to the discovery of the Philadelphia chromosome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which field has chromosome painting been widely used?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using human genomic DNA as a competitor in chromosome painting?

<p>To improve the specificity of the chromosome-specific probes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between the chromosomes of eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

<p>Eukaryotic chromosomes are much longer and more complex than prokaryotic chromosomes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'multineme and unineme' theories mentioned in the text?

<p>To explain how the DNA in eukaryotic chromosomes is packaged during cell division. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate range of DNA content per human chromosome?

<p>50-250 million nucleotide pairs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between the chromosomes of eukaryotes and prokaryotes in terms of DNA content?

<p>Eukaryotic chromosomes have orders of magnitude more DNA than prokaryotic chromosomes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the statement that 'RNase treatment however will not affect the supercoiling of the domains of the chromosomes'?

<p>To indicate that the supercoiling of eukaryotic chromosomes is not dependent on RNA. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between the amount of DNA in a human diploid cell compared to a single E. coli cell?

<p>A human diploid cell has about 1000 mm of DNA, while an E. coli cell has 1.5 mm of DNA. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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