19 Questions
Which of the following best describes the concept of pleiotropy?
A gene determines several distinct and seemingly unrelated characteristics
What is the term for the percentage of the total number of gene copies for one allele in a population?
Allele frequency
In the context of mutations, what does a low frequency of gametes with mutations (10^-4 to 10^-6) indicate?
Mutations are rare in gamete-producing cells
What does a monomorphic gene refer to?
A gene with only one common wild-type allele
Which type of allele negatively affects the survival of a homozygote and is known as recessive lethal allele?
Recessive lethal allele
What does pleiotropy primarily refer to?
The phenomenon of a single gene determining several distinct characteristics
Which alleles are often referred to as common variants or polymorphisms?
High-frequency alleles of polymorphic genes
What is the main source of new alleles?
Mutations occurring spontaneously
What does a wild-type agouti allele (A) produce in hair?
Yellow and black pigment in hair
What determines the ABO blood types in humans?
Three alleles of one gene
How many alleles can each of the HLA genes encode?
400-1200 alleles each
How many genotypes produce the four blood phenotypes in the ABO blood type system?
Six genotypes
Which statement about A and B blood types is correct?
They are codominant to each other
What is the significance of the histocompatibility antigens encoded by the HLA genes?
They facilitate proper immune response to foreign antigens
How do A and B blood types differ from O blood type in terms of producing antibodies?
O type produces antibodies against A and B types
What can be said about the dominance relations in ABO blood types?
I A and I B are codominant to each other
What is the role of HLA genes in the human body?
Facilitating immune response to foreign antigens
Why can successful blood transfusions occur only with matching blood types?
The transfused blood may develop antibodies against the recipient's body
What distinguishes A and B blood types from AB and O blood types?
AB and O are controlled by two different genes
Test your knowledge of the extensions to Mendel’s laws in genetics, covering topics such as genes with more than two alleles and the segregation of multiple alleles in populations. This quiz is based on Chapter 02 of 'Genetics: From Genes to Genomes' EIGHTH EDITION by Goldberg and Fischer.
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