Genetics: Extensions to Mendel’s Laws Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the concept of pleiotropy?

  • A gene has only one common wild-type allele
  • A gene mutation occurs in gamete-producing cells
  • A gene determines several distinct and seemingly unrelated characteristics (correct)
  • A gene has multiple alleles in a population

    • What is the term for the percentage of the total number of gene copies for one allele in a population?

  • Mutation rate
  • Allele frequency (correct)
  • Pleiotropy
  • Monomorphic gene

    • In the context of mutations, what does a low frequency of gametes with mutations (10^-4 to 10^-6) indicate?

  • Mutations are rare in gamete-producing cells (correct)
  • Mutations have no effect on gametes
  • Mutations are always inherited by offspring
  • Mutations are common in gamete-producing cells

    • What does a monomorphic gene refer to?

    <p>A gene with only one common wild-type allele</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of allele negatively affects the survival of a homozygote and is known as recessive lethal allele?

    <p>Recessive lethal allele</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does pleiotropy primarily refer to?

    <p>The phenomenon of a single gene determining several distinct characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which alleles are often referred to as common variants or polymorphisms?

    <p>High-frequency alleles of polymorphic genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main source of new alleles?

    <p>Mutations occurring spontaneously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a wild-type agouti allele (A) produce in hair?

    <p>Yellow and black pigment in hair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the ABO blood types in humans?

    <p>Three alleles of one gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many alleles can each of the HLA genes encode?

    <p>400-1200 alleles each</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many genotypes produce the four blood phenotypes in the ABO blood type system?

    <p>Six genotypes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about A and B blood types is correct?

    <p>They are codominant to each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the histocompatibility antigens encoded by the HLA genes?

    <p>They facilitate proper immune response to foreign antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do A and B blood types differ from O blood type in terms of producing antibodies?

    <p>O type produces antibodies against A and B types</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be said about the dominance relations in ABO blood types?

    <p>I A and I B are codominant to each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of HLA genes in the human body?

    <p>Facilitating immune response to foreign antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can successful blood transfusions occur only with matching blood types?

    <p>The transfused blood may develop antibodies against the recipient's body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes A and B blood types from AB and O blood types?

    <p>AB and O are controlled by two different genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

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