Genetics: Composition of Chromosomes and Characteristics

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

What is a characteristic of genetic material according to H.J. Miller?

Cannot carry all necessary biological information
Cannot transmit information from generation to generation
High frequency of mutation
Can duplicate itself with extra fidelity (correct)

What type of protein is associated with chromosomes?

Acidic proteins
Basic proteins (correct)
Lipid proteins
Nucleic acid proteins

What is the function of genetic material in relation to mutation?

It corrects mutation
It ignores mutation
It duplicates mutation faithfully (correct)
It prevents mutation from occurring

What is the chemical composition of chromosomes?

Lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the reported error rate of genetic material duplication?

One or less per million copies (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which nitrogenous base is not found in DNA?

Uracil (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the sugar component of DNA?

2-deoxy-D-ribose (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the distance between each nucleotide in DNA?

0.34 nm (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the diameter of the DNA molecule?

2 nm (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process where the two strands of DNA separate and each functions as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand?

Semiconservative Model (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the feature of DNA where adenine always pairs with thymine and guanine always pairs with cytosine?

Specific pairing (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the lac operon?

To facilitate the utilization of lactose as a source of energy (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the repressor protein in the lac operon?

To repress the transcription of the structural genes (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of beta-galactosidase in the lac operon?

To split lactose into glucose and galactose (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the promoter in the lac operon?

To initiate the transcription of the structural genes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the inducer of the lac operon?

Allolactose (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of gene regulation does the lac operon exhibit?

Inducible gene regulation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the termination product of the replication process?

Two identical DNA molecules (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of DNA replication in terms of biological information?

To transmit genetic information from one generation to the next (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the primosome in the replication process?

To unwind the DNA double helix and synthesize primers (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of repair of thymine dimers in DNA?

N glycosidase activity (C) Signup and view all the answers

How is the prokaryotic chromosome organized?

Into about 10 independent domains, each with multiple loops of DNA (D) Signup and view all the answers

How long is the DNA in a diploid human cell?

6 ft (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the Trp Operon binds to RNA polymerase?

Promoter (P) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the attenuator region in the Trp Operon?

It terminates transcription in the absence of tryptophan (A) Signup and view all the answers

In the Trp Operon, which genes are responsible for tryptophan biosynthesis?

trpE, trpD, trpC, trpB, and trpA (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to the Davidson-Britten Model, how are related genes in eukaryotes regulated?

On an individual basis, rather than on a group basis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the regulator gene (trpR) in the Trp Operon?

It produces an inactive repressor (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about the composition of chromatin in eukaryotes, according to the Davidson-Britten Model?

It contains a high concentration of heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA) (C) Signup and view all the answers