Genetics and Speciation in Cats

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What is the expected frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype (bb) in a population of 1000 cats where 160 are white?

0.06

0.16 (correct)

0.84

0.4

What is hybrid sterility characterized by?

Hybrid offspring produce functional gametes

Hybrid offspring are always inviable

All hybrids experience successful reproduction

Hybrid offspring cannot produce functional gametes (correct)

Which factor could most likely explain a discrepancy between predicted and observed genotype frequencies in cats?

Increased overall size of the population

Increased production of gametes

Higher mutation rates in dominant alleles

Greater immigration or survivorship (correct)

Which prezygotic barrier is described as reducing gene flow between subpopulations?

Habitat differentiation Signup and view all the answers

If the frequency of the recessive allele (q) is 0.4, what is the frequency of the dominant allele (p)?

0.6 Signup and view all the answers

What is the main limitation of fossil records?

Geological processes can alter or destroy fossils Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the phenomenon of gene flow?

The migration of individuals or their gametes between populations Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle of stratigraphy used for?

Understanding the sequence of sedimentary layers Signup and view all the answers

What type of mating is likely to increase the frequency of unusual traits within a population?

Non-random mating Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about mutations is accurate?

Mutations can create new alleles and may be harmful, neutral, or beneficial. Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism is NOT a means of sympatric speciation?

Geographical barriers Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of radiometric dating?

It uses the decay of radioactive elements to age fossils Signup and view all the answers

In a population of cats, what does the frequency represented by 2pq indicate?

Frequency of heterozygous individuals Signup and view all the answers

What describes hybrid breakdown?

Hybrids can produce viable offspring that are sterile Signup and view all the answers

If a population's white-haired cats are observed to decrease in number, which of the following could explain this change?

Increased survival of dominant allele carriers Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about isotopes is correct?

Radioisotopes have more neutrons and are often unstable Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary role of methanogens in the environment?

Produce methane from organic carbon Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is unique to the supergroup Stramenopiles?

Presence of flagella with fine hairlike projections Signup and view all the answers

Why are diatoms considered effective CO2 sinks?

Their remains sink to the ocean floor, taking decades to decompose. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about diatoms is NOT accurate?

They are prokaryotic organisms. Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable environment where extremophiles can thrive?

Salt lakes Signup and view all the answers

Which group contains all eukaryotes that are not fungi, plants, or animals?

Protists Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of iron for diatoms in the ocean?

Iron is a limiting nutrient for their growth. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the domain Archaea from bacteria?

Archaea thrive in extreme environments and share traits with eukaryotes. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes brown algae from true plants?

They lack true tissues and organs. Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is true for dinoflagellates?

They cause red tides due to their carotenoids. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the apex structure in apicomplexans?

To penetrate host cells. Signup and view all the answers

How do zooxanthellae contribute to coral health?

They provide photosynthetic nutrients. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary pigment that gives red algae its color?

Phycoerythrin Signup and view all the answers

What evolutionary event led to the formation of archaeplastida?

Acquisition of a cyanobacterial endosymbiont. Signup and view all the answers

What consequence can algal blooms caused by dinoflagellates have on marine life?

Anoxia caused by bacterial growth. Signup and view all the answers

Which group of organisms are considered unikonta?

Fungi and animals. Signup and view all the answers

What purpose do keratins and lipids serve in the waterproof skin of certain animals?

To prevent dehydration Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following adaptations is NOT characteristic of birds?

Mammary glands for feeding offspring Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of mammalian heart structure?

A 4-chamber heart Signup and view all the answers

How do monotremes nourish their young after they hatch?

From lapping up milk from the mother's skin Signup and view all the answers

Which statement describes a characteristic of marsupials?

Their young crawl out of the mother’s uterus and find a teat. Signup and view all the answers