40 Questions
Which process leads to changes in DNA sequences, contributing to genetic variation?
Mutation
In the context of evolution, what does natural selection favor?
Traits that enhance an organism's fitness
What causes random changes in allele frequencies, particularly in small populations?
Genetic drift
What is the term for the relative occurrence of specific alleles within a population?
Allele frequency
Which type of selection is imposed by humans to selectively breed individuals with desired traits?
Artificial selection
What is the primary mechanism through which genetic drift operates?
Causing random changes in allele frequencies
How do mutations in the myostatin gene affect animals?
Result in increased muscle mass
Why are hybrids resulting from crosses between species of lovebirds significant?
They show intermediate behaviors influenced by genetic factors
Which factor plays a significant role in shaping behavioral adaptations and species divergence according to the text?
Natural selection
What characteristic of three-toed sloths is NOT attributed to their adaptation for arboreal habitat?
Fast movements on the ground
Which evolutionary process is intentionally driven by humans to result in significant changes in domestic animal species over short periods?
Artificial selection
What is a key factor that drives evolution and refers to the process by which organisms with favorable traits survive and reproduce more effectively?
Natural selection
In the context of evolution, what can lead to random changes in allele frequencies within a population over time?
Mutation
Which mechanism of evolution involves the transfer of alleles between populations due to the movement of individuals?
Gene flow
What type of speciation occurs when new species arise due to physical isolation of populations in different geographic areas?
Allopatric speciation
Which of the following is a likely outcome of genetic drift in small or isolated populations?
Decrease in genetic variation
How do hybrid lovebirds contribute to species isolation according to the text?
By displaying behaviors that reduce reproductive success
What does the behavior of hybrid lovebirds in nesting suggest about natural selection?
Natural selection may favor specific behavioral adaptations
How do the distinct behaviors of different lovebird species support the idea of a genetic basis for nesting behavior?
By exhibiting intermediate behaviors in hybrids
In the context of lovebirds, how does natural selection potentially lead to species divergence?
By favoring specific behavioral adaptations
Which mechanism of speciation involves the evolution of reproductive isolation between populations due to geographic barriers?
Allopatric speciation
What genetic process can lead to speciation by creating reproductive barriers within populations?
Polyploidy
In the context of speciation, which event occurred to lead to the divergence of Galápagos finches on different islands?
Natural selection
What type of speciation involves the development of reproductive barriers within populations due to differences in mating preferences or behaviors?
Sympatric speciation
Which model of speciation is exemplified by the evolution of polar bears from brown bears due to glaciation-induced isolation?
Peripatric speciation
What type of isolation mechanism occurs when reproductive organs of two species are structurally incompatible?
Mechanical isolation
In the context of speciation, which type occurs when populations of a species become geographically isolated from each other?
Allopatric speciation
Which term refers to the process where adjacent populations of a species evolve into distinct species while maintaining contact along a common border or hybrid zone?
Parapatric speciation
What is the term for barriers that occur after mating has taken place and result in reduced hybrid viability or fertility?
Post-zygotic barriers
Which type of selection is characterized by humans selectively breeding individuals with desired traits?
Artificial selection
Which process can either increase or decrease genetic diversity within populations and contribute to speciation?
Gene flow
What term describes random fluctuations in allele frequencies within populations due to chance events?
Genetic drift
Which phenomenon occurs when a population undergoes a drastic reduction in size, leading to a loss of genetic diversity?
Genetic bottleneck
What can lead to significant changes in an organism's characteristics by altering DNA sequences?
Mutations
What describes the loss of genetic diversity within populations due to the establishment of a new population by a small group of individuals?
Founder effect
In which scenario is genetic drift more pronounced?
Isolated populations
Which process can result in the fixation of certain alleles within populations over time?
Genetic drift
How does the bottleneck effect differ from the founder effect in terms of genetic diversity?
The founder effect leads to a loss of genetic diversity.
What characteristic makes genetic drift particularly influential in the trajectory of evolution?
Random fluctuations in allele frequencies.
Which process can lead to both increases and decreases in genetic diversity within populations based on gene exchange?
Gene flow
Explore the concepts of gene flow and mutations in genetics, and how they contribute to genetic diversity and speciation. Learn about the different types of mutations and their effects on an organism's characteristics.
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