Gene Flow and Mutations in Genetics
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Questions and Answers

Which process leads to changes in DNA sequences, contributing to genetic variation?

  • Mutation (correct)
  • Selection
  • Migration
  • Genetic drift

    • In the context of evolution, what does natural selection favor?

  • Migration between populations
  • Genetic drift
  • Decreased allele frequency
  • Traits that enhance an organism's fitness (correct)

    • What causes random changes in allele frequencies, particularly in small populations?

  • Genetic drift (correct)
  • Mutation
  • Migration
  • Selection

    • What is the term for the relative occurrence of specific alleles within a population?

    <p>Allele frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of selection is imposed by humans to selectively breed individuals with desired traits?

    <p>Artificial selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism through which genetic drift operates?

    <p>Causing random changes in allele frequencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do mutations in the myostatin gene affect animals?

    <p>Result in increased muscle mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are hybrids resulting from crosses between species of lovebirds significant?

    <p>They show intermediate behaviors influenced by genetic factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor plays a significant role in shaping behavioral adaptations and species divergence according to the text?

    <p>Natural selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of three-toed sloths is NOT attributed to their adaptation for arboreal habitat?

    <p>Fast movements on the ground</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which evolutionary process is intentionally driven by humans to result in significant changes in domestic animal species over short periods?

    <p>Artificial selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor that drives evolution and refers to the process by which organisms with favorable traits survive and reproduce more effectively?

    <p>Natural selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of evolution, what can lead to random changes in allele frequencies within a population over time?

    <p>Mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism of evolution involves the transfer of alleles between populations due to the movement of individuals?

    <p>Gene flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of speciation occurs when new species arise due to physical isolation of populations in different geographic areas?

    <p>Allopatric speciation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a likely outcome of genetic drift in small or isolated populations?

    <p>Decrease in genetic variation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do hybrid lovebirds contribute to species isolation according to the text?

    <p>By displaying behaviors that reduce reproductive success</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the behavior of hybrid lovebirds in nesting suggest about natural selection?

    <p>Natural selection may favor specific behavioral adaptations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the distinct behaviors of different lovebird species support the idea of a genetic basis for nesting behavior?

    <p>By exhibiting intermediate behaviors in hybrids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of lovebirds, how does natural selection potentially lead to species divergence?

    <p>By favoring specific behavioral adaptations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism of speciation involves the evolution of reproductive isolation between populations due to geographic barriers?

    <p>Allopatric speciation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What genetic process can lead to speciation by creating reproductive barriers within populations?

    <p>Polyploidy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of speciation, which event occurred to lead to the divergence of Galápagos finches on different islands?

    <p>Natural selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of speciation involves the development of reproductive barriers within populations due to differences in mating preferences or behaviors?

    <p>Sympatric speciation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model of speciation is exemplified by the evolution of polar bears from brown bears due to glaciation-induced isolation?

    <p>Peripatric speciation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of isolation mechanism occurs when reproductive organs of two species are structurally incompatible?

    <p>Mechanical isolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of speciation, which type occurs when populations of a species become geographically isolated from each other?

    <p>Allopatric speciation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the process where adjacent populations of a species evolve into distinct species while maintaining contact along a common border or hybrid zone?

    <p>Parapatric speciation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for barriers that occur after mating has taken place and result in reduced hybrid viability or fertility?

    <p>Post-zygotic barriers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of selection is characterized by humans selectively breeding individuals with desired traits?

    <p>Artificial selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process can either increase or decrease genetic diversity within populations and contribute to speciation?

    <p>Gene flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes random fluctuations in allele frequencies within populations due to chance events?

    <p>Genetic drift</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phenomenon occurs when a population undergoes a drastic reduction in size, leading to a loss of genetic diversity?

    <p>Genetic bottleneck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can lead to significant changes in an organism's characteristics by altering DNA sequences?

    <p>Mutations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the loss of genetic diversity within populations due to the establishment of a new population by a small group of individuals?

    <p>Founder effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario is genetic drift more pronounced?

    <p>Isolated populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process can result in the fixation of certain alleles within populations over time?

    <p>Genetic drift</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the bottleneck effect differ from the founder effect in terms of genetic diversity?

    <p>The founder effect leads to a loss of genetic diversity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic makes genetic drift particularly influential in the trajectory of evolution?

    <p>Random fluctuations in allele frequencies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process can lead to both increases and decreases in genetic diversity within populations based on gene exchange?

    <p>Gene flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

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