Biology Chapter on Speciation and Genetics

<p>Subsequent generations may be sterile or have reduced fitness. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gametic isolation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polygenic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Postzygotic barrier called hybrid sterility (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Offspring do not survive to maturity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Incomplete dominance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One gene controls multiple traits (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Species (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polyploidy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hybrid sterility (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A habitat is the physical environment where a community lives (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased genetic variation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sympatric (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reproductive barriers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formation of distinct species without geographical separation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Behavioral isolation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A population is separated by a geographic barrier (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2 and 3 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It affects the development of the zygote. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It prevents fertilization from occurring. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Convergent evolution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strata (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fossil record (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Karyotype (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fossils in sedimentary rock (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fossil record (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>sympatric speciation (B), sexual selection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Variation in red pigmentation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Species adapting to different food sources within the same environment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Analogous structures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sexual selection by females (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Behavioral selection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It influences mate selection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Analogous structures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetic convergence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Behavioral selection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disruptive selection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Directional selection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stabilizing selection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Directional selection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Less favored in disruptive selection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carotenoid pigments from diet (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brighter feathers indicate better foraging ability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sexual selection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They must be obtained through the diet (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brighter coloration correlates with foraging success and fitness. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Skin color is a complex trait influenced by many genes, not just one.

When multiple genes work together to produce a single trait.

Offspring of different species have reduced fitness or infertility.

Reproductive isolation mechanisms that prevent zygote formation.

Reproductive isolation mechanisms that occur after zygote formation.

Mules, produced by breeding horses and donkeys, are an example of hybrid sterility, a postzygotic reproductive barrier.

A postzygotic reproductive barrier that prevents a hybrid offspring from being able to reproduce.

Mechanisms preventing different species from interbreeding and exchanging genes.

Preserved evidence of past life, showing the timeline and evolution of species.

Layers of sedimentary rock.

The formation of new species within the same geographic area.

A genotype with two different alleles for a gene.

A group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.

The formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution.

The condition of having more than two complete sets of chromosomes.

The formation of new species in the same geographic area.

Mechanisms that prevent different species from interbreeding.

The formation of new species through geographic isolation.

A diagram used to predict the possible genotypes of offspring from a cross between two parents.

The genetic makeup of an organism, represented by the alleles it carries for a specific trait.

Two traits are considered homologous if they share a common evolutionary origin, even if their current function is different.

Traits that have similar function but evolved independently, without shared ancestry.

Structures in different species that share a common ancestor, but have different functions.

Structures in different species that have similar functions, but different origins. They evolved independently due to similar environmental pressures.

The rapid diversification of a species into many new forms that are specialized for different ecological niches. This often occurs when a species encounters a new environment with diverse resources.

The cichlid fish in Lake Victoria have rapidly diversified into hundreds of species with different colors, diets, and behaviors, each adapted to different environments in the lake.

A type of natural selection where the behaviors of individuals affect their survival and reproductive success. This can lead to the evolution of unique mating rituals and social structures.

A type of natural selection where individuals with certain traits are more successful in attracting mates and reproducing.

Cichlid fish in Lake Victoria have diverged into separate species based on color patterns suited for their specific habitat.

Sexual selection, where color patterns play a role in mate choice.

Sexual selection can drive sympatric speciation by favoring traits that lead to reproductive isolation between populations within the same area.

A type of natural selection that favors extreme phenotypes over intermediate ones, leading to a population with two distinct forms.

A type of natural selection that favors one extreme phenotype over the other, leading to a shift in the population's average trait.

A type of natural selection that favors intermediate phenotypes, leading to a decrease in variation.

The process by which individuals with certain heritable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce in a given environment, leading to changes in population characteristics over time.

During droughts, large, hard-cased seeds become more common, favoring birds with larger beaks that can crack them open. This leads to directional selection for larger beaks in the population.

Pigments found in plants and some animals, including the red feathers of male house finches. They are unable to be created by vertebrates and must be acquired through diet.

Male house finches with brighter red feathers, indicating a better diet and more carotenoids, are more attractive to females and thus have higher mating success.

Females prefer males with brighter red feathers. This preference drives the selection for males with better foraging abilities, as they can obtain more carotenoids and have brighter feathers.

Sexual selection, because it's driven by mate choice and not directly by environmental pressures.