Biology Chapter on Speciation and Genetics
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Questions and Answers

What defines the mechanism where interbreeding between species leads to offspring that cannot reproduce?

  • Postzygotic barrier called hybrid sterility (correct)
  • Prezygotic barrier called gametic isolation
  • Prezygotic barrier called hybrid inviability
  • Postzygotic barrier called hybrid breakdown
  • Which of the following is an example of a prezygotic barrier?

  • Hybrid sterility
  • Hybrid breakdown
  • Hybrid inviability
  • Gametic isolation (correct)
  • How does hybrid inviability act as a reproductive barrier?

  • It prevents mating between species.
  • It causes offspring to be sterile.
  • It leads to unhealthy embryos that do not survive. (correct)
  • It allows fertilization but prevents genetic combination.
  • What is the main effect of hybrid breakdown on offspring?

    <p>Subsequent generations may be sterile or have reduced fitness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which barrier directly prevents different species from mating?

    <p>Gametic isolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the trait controlled by multiple genes, resulting in a range of colors in human skin?

    <p>Polygenic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism prevents the interbreeding of horses and donkeys, resulting in mules?

    <p>Postzygotic barrier called hybrid sterility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes hybrid inviability?

    <p>Offspring do not survive to maturity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of genetic inheritance allows for traits that appear to blend together, such as in the case of flower petals?

    <p>Incomplete dominance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes the concept of pleiotropy in genetics?

    <p>One gene controls multiple traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is defined as a group of like organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring?

    <p>Species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process that leads to the formation of new species due to the presence of different chromosome numbers?

    <p>Polyploidy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a postzygotic barrier that can prevent hybrid offspring from reproducing successfully?

    <p>Hybrid sterility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the relationship between a community and its habitat?

    <p>A habitat is the physical environment where a community lives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can result from polyploidy in plants?

    <p>Increased genetic variation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of speciation occurred due to polyploidy in one species of wheat?

    <p>Sympatric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What allows for the maintenance of species boundaries among the frog species of the genus Rana?

    <p>Reproductive barriers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the outcome of sympatric speciation in the context of the discussed frog species?

    <p>Formation of distinct species without geographical separation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reproductive barrier is exemplified by the frog species maintaining boundaries despite living in the same environment?

    <p>Behavioral isolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario would you expect allopatric speciation to occur?

    <p>A population is separated by a geographic barrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which boxes in the Punnett Square represent plants with a heterozygous genotype?

    <p>2 and 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reproductive barrier is created by hybrid inviability?

    <p>It affects the development of the zygote.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes a prezygotic barrier?

    <p>It prevents fertilization from occurring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The presence of wings in both birds and butterflies is an example of what?

    <p>Convergent evolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the layer of rock that helps in dating the timeline of organisms' existence on Earth?

    <p>Strata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What provides evidence for evolution through the remains and traces of past organisms?

    <p>Fossil record</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option is not a method of depicting evolutionary relationships among organisms?

    <p>Karyotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what form is significant evidence for evolution typically found?

    <p>Fossils in sedimentary rock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does NOT directly represent genetic variation within a species?

    <p>Fossil record</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the process where cichlid fish have diverged into separate species based on color patterns suited to their habitat in Lake Victoria?

    <p>sympatric speciation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What demonstrates the concept of sexual selection among male house finches according to their feather pigmentation?

    <p>Variation in red pigmentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario would sympatric speciation be most likely to occur?

    <p>Species adapting to different food sources within the same environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of structures do the wings of a bird and the wings of a butterfly exemplify due to their similar function but different structures?

    <p>Analogous structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor contributing to the diverse color patterns in cichlid fish in Lake Victoria?

    <p>Sexual selection by females</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process through which cichlid fish have diversified based on their color patterns is an example of which type of selection?

    <p>Behavioral selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the variation in red pigmentation among male house finches?

    <p>It influences mate selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes structures that have similar functions but do not share a common ancestry?

    <p>Analogous structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option is NOT a mechanism by which species divergence can occur?

    <p>Genetic convergence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes the type of selection that may lead to speciation in cichlid fish based on their mating preferences linked to color patterns?

    <p>Behavioral selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the process in which individuals at both extremes of a trait are favored, leading to a greater variance in that trait?

    <p>Disruptive selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a drought reduces the availability of small seeds, which type of evolutionary selection is most likely to occur for birds with large beaks?

    <p>Directional selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following selections is exemplified by the preference for medium-sized snails when both extreme colors are present?

    <p>Stabilizing selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which selection mechanism might lead to the evolution of species when a specific trait, such as beak size, offers a survival advantage during environmental changes?

    <p>Directional selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the scenario of the land snail population, how can intermediate individuals be described in terms of selection pressures?

    <p>Less favored in disruptive selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drives the variation in red pigmentation in male house finches?

    <p>Carotenoid pigments from diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do female house finches prefer mates with brighter red feathers?

    <p>Brighter feathers indicate better foraging ability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of selection is demonstrated by females selecting males with brighter red feathers?

    <p>Sexual selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes carotenoid pigments in vertebrates?

    <p>They must be obtained through the diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between male finch coloration and their fitness?

    <p>Brighter coloration correlates with foraging success and fitness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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