Genetics and Organism Development Quiz

<p>Chromosomes are long, threadlike molecules made up of DNA. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The phenotype can create environmental conditions that modify development. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fetal alcohol syndrome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cigarette smoking (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Use firm mattresses for bedding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Quiet sleep (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It compensates for deprivation of external stimuli. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It becomes a more effective means of communication. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>50% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Swaddling the baby in cloth. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Newborns have more REM sleep (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gentle transition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They often receive responsive care from caregivers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Newborns sleep more than young adults (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The genetic material inherited from parents. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They interact to shape various traits. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multiple associated negative factors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Less than 1.5% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>X chromosome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The impact of environmental factors on genetic traits (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increases the likelihood of committing serious crimes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It reduces the impact of abuse on future criminal behavior (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They result from a combination of both genetic and environmental influences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Huntington’s disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>XY (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both alleles must be present for the disorder to manifest. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Down syndrome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sickle-cell carriers have both disease and health benefits from the disorder. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell differentiation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Embryo (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>From splitting of the inner cell mass (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Some toxins and infectious agents (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell migration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>32 weeks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Timing of exposure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Depends on common experiences in a normal environment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Placental transfer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Apoptosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Taste and smell from amniotic fluid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regions near the head develop earlier (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Development may be impaired (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The stage of prenatal development that occurs from implantation to the 8th week, marked by the development of all major organs and body systems.

The rapid increase in the size and complexity of the fetus, from the 9th week of pregnancy to birth.

The process by which the zygote divides repeatedly, increasing the number of cells.

The movement of cells from their original location to a new position within the embryo.

The process of transforming unspecialized stem cells into specialized cells with specific functions.

The programmed death of certain cells, which is essential for development.

Hormones play a key role in determining the sex of the fetus, with testosterone driving male development.

A hollow sphere of cells that forms about 4 days after conception.

The process of development that occurs from head to tail, with areas near the head developing earlier than those farther away.

The process of development that occurs from the center of the body outward, with organs and systems developing in a sequence.

A U-shaped groove that forms from the top layer of cells in the embryo and eventually becomes the brain and spinal cord.

The organ that connects the developing fetus to the mother, allowing for the exchange of nutrients and waste.

The tube that carries blood vessels from the placenta to the fetus and back.

Environmental agents that can cause harm to a developing fetus during pregnancy.

The process by which the brain develops due to the kinds of experiences that are common to all humans in typical environments.

The theory suggests that brain activity during REM sleep in infants helps compensate for the lack of external stimulation, aiding in the development of the visual system.

Crying in infants initially signals discomfort or frustration, but gradually evolves into a form of communication.

Swaddling, a technique that involves wrapping a baby tightly, provides a calming and reassuring sensation by mimicking the feeling of being held.

Colic is characterized by excessive crying in infants without any apparent reason.

The occurrence of multiple risk factors in an individual's life increases the likelihood of a negative developmental outcome.

The ability to thrive despite facing significant developmental challenges.

The study of how genetic and environmental factors interact to influence individual traits and behaviors.

This model emphasizes the interplay between genotype (genetic makeup), phenotype (observable traits), and environment in shaping an individual.

A condition caused by alcohol consumption during pregnancy, characterized by mental retardation, facial deformities, and other problems.

The act of smoking cigarettes while pregnant, which is linked to retarded growth and low birth weight for the baby.

Rapid eye movement sleep, an active sleep state characterized by quick eye movements. It's prominent in newborns, declining with age.

A state of non-rapid eye movement sleep, characterized by quietness, slow brain waves, and regular breathing and heart rate.

The infant's level of arousal and engagement with the surrounding environment, ranging from deep sleep to intense activity.

The infant's ability to interact with the world through their senses and actions, influenced by their state of arousal.

Negative outcomes occurring at birth, such as low birth weight, premature delivery, or health complications.

The complete set of genes that an individual possesses, passed down from parents.

The observable characteristics of an individual, resulting from the interaction of genotype and environment.

The influence of environmental factors on the development of an organism's phenotype.

The process by which genetic material is transmitted from parents to offspring.

The basic unit of heredity, a segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein.

A change in the genetic sequence that can lead to a disease or disorder. It can involve a single gene or multiple genes.

A pattern of inheritance where two copies of a recessive gene are required to express the trait.

A pattern of inheritance where a single copy of a dominant gene is enough to express the trait.

A disease caused by an error in the number of chromosomes. Examples include Down syndrome (trisomy 21) and Klinefelter syndrome (XXY).

Genes located on the X chromosome that can be inherited differently in males and females.

The Y chromosome has fewer genes than the X chromosome, making males more susceptible to inherited disorders caused by recessive alleles on the X chromosome.

An enzyme encoded by the MAOA gene, linked to aggression and antisocial behavior.

A variation in the MAOA gene associated with increased likelihood of criminal behavior, especially in individuals who experienced severe maltreatment.

High MAOA activity can mitigate the impact of abuse on future criminal behavior, suggesting a protective effect against the negative effects of trauma.